中药鼻腔给药治疗小儿鼻鼽研究进展

Research Progress on Intranasal Administration of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis

摘要: 小儿鼻鼽(变应性鼻炎)是儿科临床常见的鼻黏膜慢性炎性疾病，近年来发病率呈持续上升趋势，严重影响患儿的身心健康与生活质量。中药鼻腔给药属于中医外治法范畴，药物直接作用于鼻黏膜局部，具有避免首过效应、起效迅速、局部药物浓度高、全身不良反应少等优势，尤其适合儿童患者。本文系统检索中国知网等数据库相关文献，从小儿鼻鼽的病因病机认识入手，按剂型分类综述中药鼻腔给药(含鼻喷雾剂、凝胶滴鼻剂、纳米乳剂、雾化吸入、滴鼻液等)治疗小儿鼻鼽的临床研究与机制研究进展，以期为AR的临床治疗提供帮助。

Abstract: Pediatric biqiu (allergic rhinitis, AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa in pediatric clinical practice. In recent years, its incidence has shown a continuous upward trend, seriously affecting the physical and mental health and quality of life of affected children. Intranasal administration of Chinese herbal medicine falls within the scope of external therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), whereby the drug acts directly on the nasal mucosa. This approach offers advantages such as avoiding first‑pass metabolism, rapid onset of action, high local drug concentration, and fewer systemic adverse reactions, making it particularly suitable for pediatric patients. This paper systematically retrieved relevant literature from databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Starting with an overview of the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric AR, it reviews, classified by dosage form, the clinical studies and mechanistic research progress on intranasal administration of Chinese herbal medicine (including nasal sprays, gel nasal drops, nanoemulsions, nebulized inhalation, nasal drops, etc.) for the treatment of pediatric AR, with the aim of providing support for the clinical management of AR.