归化与异化视角下《红高粱家族》葛译本中文化负载词的翻译研究

A Study on the Translation of Culturally Loaded Words in Goldblatt’s Translation of Red Sorghum Family from the Perspectives of Localization and Foreignization

摘要: 本研究旨在通过分析霍华德·葛浩文(Howard Goldblatt)对莫言小说《红高粱家族》的英译本，探讨其在处理文化负载词时所采用的翻译策略。研究以劳伦斯·韦努蒂的“归化”与“异化”理论为框架，通过建立一个基于原著前两章的中英平行微观语料库，并借助AntConc软件提取高频文化负载词。作者将这些词汇分为“生态与物质”、“社会与民俗”以及“方言与修辞”三大类别。通过结合定量频次统计与定性案例分析，研究发现译者并未采用单一策略，而是根据词汇类别和语境灵活调整：对生态物质词多采用归化策略以保证可读性；对社会民俗词多采用异化策略以保留文化独特性；对方言修辞词则采取折中方式。研究结论认为，葛浩文的翻译实践体现了一种以读者为导向的动态平衡模式，证明了归化与异化并非相互对立，而是可以互补，为中国文学的海外传播提供了有价值的借鉴。

Abstract: This study aims to examine the translation strategies employed by Howard Goldblatt in his English translation of Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum Family by analyzing his treatment of culturally loaded words. Using Lawrence Venuti’s theories of “localization” and “foreignization” as a framework, this study constructed a micro-corpus of parallel Chinese-English texts based on the first two chapters of the original work and used AntConc software to extract high-frequency culturally loaded words. The author classified these terms into three major categories: “Ecology and Material Culture”, “Society and Folklore”, and “Dialect and Rhetoric”. By combining quantitative frequency analysis with qualitative case studies, the study found that the translator did not rely on a single strategy but instead adjusted flexibly according to lexical category and context: for ecological and material terms, a strategy of domestication was predominantly used to ensure readability; for social and folkloric terms, a strategy of foreignization was predominantly used to preserve cultural distinctiveness; and for dialectal and rhetorical terms, a compromise approach was adopted. The study concludes that Goldblatt’s translation practice embodies a reader-oriented model of dynamic balance, demonstrating that localization and foreignization are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary, and providing valuable insights for the international dissemination of Chinese literature.