局部语法视域下汉语二语学习者请求话语研究

A Study of L2 Chinese Learners’ Request Discourse from the Perspective of Local Grammar

摘要: 请求是日常交际中常见的指令性言语行为，其表达形式具有较强的语用灵活性。本文基于局部语法视角，结合HSK动态作文语料库和全球汉语中介语语料库，对汉语二语学习者的请求话语进行局部语法标注，并与汉语母语者请求话语进行对比。研究发现，L2汉语学习者请求话语可归纳为24种具体型式，并进一步概括为8种常用局部语法型式，其中“铺垫/缘由 + 标示语 + 请求客体 + 请求行动 + 舒缓语”使用频率较高。与汉语母语者相比，学习者较依赖结构完整的请求型式，在标示语选择、功能成分组合及语体适配方面表现出一定的固化倾向。研究表明，局部语法能够较细致地呈现汉语二语学习者请求话语的形式–功能对应关系，对认识L2汉语学习者请求语用特征及开展相关教学具有一定参考价值。

Abstract: Requests are common directive speech acts in everyday communication, and their linguistic realizations are characterized by considerable pragmatic flexibility. From the perspective of local grammar, this study draws on data from the HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus and the Global Chinese Interlanguage Corpus to annotate the request discourse of learners of Chinese as a second language and compare it with that of native Chinese speakers. The results show that L2 Chinese learners’ request discourse can be classified into 24 specific patterns, which can be further generalized into eight frequently used local grammar patterns. Among these, the pattern “preparation/reason + marker + request object + request action + mitigator” occurs with relatively high frequency. Compared with native Chinese speakers, learners tend to rely more heavily on structurally complete request patterns and exhibit a certain degree of routinization in their selection of markers, combination of functional components, and register adaptation. The findings indicate that local grammar can provide a fine-grained account of the form-function correspondences in L2 Chinese learners’ request discourse and may offer useful insights into the pragmatic features of L2 Chinese learners’ requests and the teaching of request-related pragmatic competence.