基于智能开关的农业灌溉控制系统设计

Design of Control System for Agricultural Irrigation Based on Intelligent Switch

摘要: 随着农业现代化进程的加速以及水资源短缺问题的日益严峻，针对传统人工灌溉方式存在的灌溉不智能、不及时等问题，本文提出了一种基于STM32单片机的智能灌溉系统，旨在提升小型种植单元在复杂农田环境中的灌溉精度和适应性。该方法通过针对二值水泵在土壤水分惯性下易振荡问题，提出FOPDT辨识+ 延迟补偿双阈值法实时监测土壤湿度、温度等关键参数。智能开关作为系统的核心执行部件，能够根据控制信号自动开启或关闭灌溉水泵，确保灌溉的及时性和适量性。用户可以通过手机APP在本地WiFi网络覆盖范围内实时查看灌溉状态并进行调节操作，实现了灵活的本地远程控制，提升了灌溉管理的便利性。实验结果表明，该方法能够显著提升灌溉系统的智能化水平，具有显著的节水、节能和省时的优势，为小型种植单元的农业灌溉提供了一种高效、智能的解决方案。

Abstract: With the acceleration of agricultural modernization and the increasing severity of water scarcity, traditional manual irrigation methods suffer from problems such as lack of intelligence and untimely operation. This paper proposes an intelligent irrigation system based on the STM32 microcontroller, aiming to improve the irrigation accuracy and adaptability of small-scale planting units in complex farmland environments. To address the oscillation problem of binary water pumps caused by soil moisture inertia, a FOPDT identification combined with delay-compensated dual-threshold method is proposed to monitor key parameters such as soil moisture and temperature in real time. As the core actuating component of the system, the smart switch can automatically turn the irrigation pump on or off according to control signals, ensuring timely and appropriate irrigation. Users can view the real-time irrigation status and perform adjustments via a mobile phone APP within the coverage of a local WiFi network, enabling flexible local remote control and improving the convenience of irrigation management. Experimental results show that the proposed system significantly enhances the intelligence level of irrigation, offering notable advantages in water saving, energy saving, and time saving. It provides an efficient and intelligent solution for agricultural irrigation in small-scale planting units.