市域特殊教育办学质量评价的治理逻辑与运行机制——以重庆市为例

Governance Logic and Operational Mechanisms of Special Education Quality Evaluation at the Municipal Level—A Case Study of Chongqing

摘要: 本文考察国家特殊教育办学质量评价要求如何在市域层面转化为可执行的责任链条与改进机制。采用政策文本分析与案例分析，以教育部《特殊教育办学质量评价指南》、重庆市实施方案及渝中区、北碚区实践材料为主要依据，围绕评价对象、责任主体、运行程序和支持方式四个维度开展对照。研究发现，重庆将县域履职、特殊教育学校专业支撑和普通学校融合行动纳入同一框架，并以标准细化、自评审核、监测诊断、整改支持、结果运用和复评迭代形成闭环。普通学校行动评价构成制度进入课堂、教师协作和校园参与的关键接口。当前制度仍处于实施初期，后续需进一步加强分类指导、证据积累、专业支持网络和数字化减负，以推动评价由指标达标转向持续改进。

Abstract: This study examines how national requirements for special education quality evaluation are translated at the municipal level into a workable chain of responsibility and mechanisms for improvement. Using policy document analysis and case analysis, it draws primarily on the Ministry of Education’s Guidelines for Evaluating the Quality of Special Education, Chongqing’s implementation plan, and materials documenting practice in Yuzhong and Beibei districts. Comparisons are conducted across four dimensions: the entities evaluated, responsible actors, operational procedures, and forms of support. The findings show that Chongqing brings the fulfilment of responsibilities by district and county governments, professional support from special education schools, and inclusive education practices in mainstream schools into a single framework. A closed loop is formed through the refinement of standards, self-evaluation and review, monitoring and diagnosis, support for corrective action, use of evaluation results, and re-evaluation and iterative improvement. The evaluation of inclusive education practices in mainstream schools serves as a key link through which institutional requirements are translated into classroom practice, teacher collaboration, and participation in school life. As the system is still in the early stages of implementation, further efforts are needed to strengthen differentiated guidance, build the evidence base, reinforce professional support networks, and reduce administrative burdens through digital tools. These efforts should help shift the focus of evaluation from meeting indicator targets to continuous improvement.