以极端灾害性天气案例为驱动的高等天气学教学实践改革

Teaching Practice Reform of Advanced Synoptic Meteorology Driven by Extreme Disaster Weather Cases

摘要: 高等天气学是大气科学硕士研究生的核心学位课程，具有理论深度大、学科交叉性强、与实际天气过程联系紧密的特点，在研究生学术素养与科研能力培养中承担着关键作用。针对当前高等天气学教学中存在的教学内容与学科前沿脱节、科教融合度不足、研究生科研能力训练较少等问题，本文立足研究生教育的研究性本质，提出以最新极端灾害性天气事件为驱动、以多源观测数据分析和行业复盘成果为支撑的研究生教学改革路径。以2025年7月23日华北地区极端暴雨及2026年全球破纪录高温热浪为典型案例，从研究生教育和科研能力培养视角出发，系统设计了“文献研读–问题凝练–诊断分析–理论建构–实践培养”的全链条研究生教学模式，并配套构建了递进式教学实验与探究型课后训练体系，旨在实现从“知识传授”向“实践能力建构”的研究生教育范式转换。

Abstract: Advanced Synoptic Meteorology is a core degree course for master’s students in atmospheric science, characterized by profound theoretical depth, strong interdisciplinary nature, and close connection with actual weather processes. It plays a key role in cultivating graduate students’ academic literacy and research capabilities. To address the current problems in Advanced Synoptic Meteorology teaching, including the disconnection between teaching content and disciplinary frontiers, superficial integration of research and education, and insufficient training in graduate students’ scientific thinking, this paper, grounded in the research-oriented nature of graduate education, proposes a teaching reform pathway driven by the latest extreme disaster weather events and supported by multi-source observational data analysis and operational post-event review results. Taking the extreme rainstorm over North China at July 23 2025 and the 2026 global record-breaking heatwaves as typical cases, and from the perspective of cultivating graduate students’ research capabilities, this paper systematically designs a full-chain graduate teaching model of “literature review - problem formulation - diagnostic analysis - theoretical construction - practical training”, and constructs a corresponding progressive teaching experiment and inquiry-based after-class training system. The aim is to achieve a paradigm shift in graduate education from “knowledge transmission” to “practical competence construction”.