商业秘密举证困境下企业证据管理机制建设研究

Research on the Construction of Enterprise Evidence Management Mechanism under the Dilemma of Trade Secret Burden of Proof

摘要: 商业秘密侵权诉讼中，权利人面临较高的证明门槛，不仅需证明涉案信息构成商业秘密，还需证明侵权行为的存在，而企业证据管理失范是导致举证困境的重要内因。从司法证明规则与企业内部治理双重视角出发，剖析商业秘密举证困境的形成机理，可以发现企业普遍存在重保密、轻留证、证据形成机制缺陷、电子证据管理不足等现实问题。商业秘密证据管理具有权利识别、资源整合与治理支撑功能，其基本内容可概括为证据资源管理、证据行为管理和证据能力管理三个层面，并呈现出全过程性、动态性、协同性与数字化特征。企业应从完善证据管理制度、健全数字化证据管理体系、构建证据协同治理机制三个维度，系统构建商业秘密证据管理机制。

Abstract: In trade secret infringement litigation, right holders face a high threshold of proof. They are required not only to prove that the information in question constitutes a trade secret, but also to establish the existence of the infringing act. The maladministration of enterprise evidence management is a significant internal cause of such burden-of-proof difficulties. Examining the formation mechanism of the trade secret burden-of-proof dilemma from the dual perspectives of judicial proof rules and internal corporate governance reveals that enterprises commonly suffer from practical problems such as prioritizing confidentiality over evidence preservation, deficiencies in the evidence formation mechanism, and inadequate electronic evidence management. Trade secret evidence management serves the functions of right identification, resource integration, and governance support. Its basic content can be summarized into three dimensions: evidence resource management, evidence behavior management, and evidence capability management, and it exhibits the characteristics of full-process coverage, dynamism, collaboration, and digitalization. Enterprises should systematically construct a trade secret evidence management mechanism from three dimensions: improving the evidence management system, refining the digital evidence management system, and establishing a collaborative evidence governance mechanism.