MXene基吸波材料设计与研究进展
Design Strategies and Research Progress of MXene-Based Microwave Absorbing Materials
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2026.1610202, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 王 崴, 王婉琼, 李志标, 王金辉, 张玉晶*：南京理工大学材料科学与工程学院，江苏 南京；顾贤科*：安徽开阳科技有限公司，安徽 芜湖；奇瑞汽车股份有限公司，安徽 芜湖
关键词: MXene基吸波材料；电磁波吸收；阻抗匹配；异质结构；MXene-Based Microwave Absorbing Materials； Electromagnetic Wave Absorption； Impedance Matching； Heterostructure
摘要: 随着第五代/第六代移动通信技术的快速发展，电磁辐射污染问题日益严峻，研发轻质宽频高效吸波材料已成为迫切需要。MXene作为新型二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物，凭借其独特层状结构与优异导电性在电磁吸波领域备受关注，但其过高的电导率导致阻抗匹配较差，单一损耗机制限制了吸波性能。本文系统综述了MXene基吸波材料的最新研究进展，从磁性氧化物复合、磁性金属复合和三维多孔结构构筑三方面阐述了多元异质结构设计与多重损耗协同对吸波性能的增强机制。研究表明，通过引入磁性组分优化阻抗匹配、构建异质界面增强极化损耗、设计三维网络促进多重散射，可显著提升吸波性能，最小反射损耗可达−61.3 dB，有效吸收带宽达7.04 GHz。最后展望了该领域面临的环境稳定性、多功能集成及规模化制备等挑战与发展方向。
Abstract: With the rapid advancement of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication technologies, electromagnetic radiation pollution has become increasingly severe, driving an urgent demand for lightweight, broadband, and high-efficiency microwave absorbing materials. MXene, as an emerging class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, has attracted considerable attention in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption due to its unique layered structure and exceptional electrical conductivity. However, the excessively high conductivity of pristine MXene leads to poor impedance matching, and its single loss mechanism restricts the overall absorption performance. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in MXene-based microwave absorbing materials, elaborating on the enhancement mechanisms of microwave absorption performance through multicomponent heterostructure design and synergistic multiple loss effects from three perspectives: magnetic oxide compounding, magnetic metal compounding, and three-dimensional porous structure construction. It is demonstrated that the microwave absorption performance can be significantly improved by introducing magnetic components to optimize impedance matching, constructing heterointerfaces to intensify polarization loss, and designing three-dimensional networks to promote multiple scattering, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −61.3 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.04 GHz. Finally, the challenges and future directions in this field, including environmental stability, multifunctional integration, and scalable fabrication, are prospected.
文章引用：王崴, 王婉琼, 李志标, 王金辉, 顾贤科, 张玉晶. MXene基吸波材料设计与研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(10): 173-183. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.1610202

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