《家庭教育促进法》背景下乡村家庭教育的法律阐释与规制完善

Jurisprudential Interpretation and Regulatory Perfection of Rural-Based Family Education under the Background of The Law on Family Education Promotion

摘要: 《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的颁布实施，标志着家庭教育从传统家事上升为重要国事，为乡村家庭教育的法治保障提供了制度框架。然而，乡村家庭教育面临家长主体责任虚化、指导服务体系残缺、留守儿童家庭教育断裂等结构性困境，法律的制度效能尚未充分释放。本文从国家亲权理论和教育公平理论的视角出发，剖析《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》介入乡村家庭教育的正当性依据。在此基础上，深入分析乡村家庭教育实施中面临的统筹协调机制不畅、指导服务供给城乡失衡、留守儿童监护责任落实受阻、家庭教育指导令执行效能不足等困境，并提出相应的建议，以实现乡村家庭教育法治保障从有形覆盖到有效覆盖的转变。

Abstract: The promulgation and implementation of The Family Education Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China mark that family-education has evolved from a traditional private household affair into a crucial state-related undertaking, constructing an institutional framework for the legal guarantee of rural family education. Nevertheless, rural family education is trapped in structural dilemmas including the weakened principal responsibility of parents, incomplete guidance-service systems and disrupted family-education arrangements for left-behind children, so that the institutional effectiveness of the law has not been fully delivered. From the perspectives of the parens patriae theory and educational equity theory, this paper analyzes the legitimate grounds for The Family Education Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China to intervene in rural family education. On this basis, it conducts an in-depth analysis of prevailing obstacles in the practice of rural family education: poor-performing overall coordination mechanisms, the urban-rural imbalance in the supply of guidance services, barriers to the implementation of guardianship duties over left-behind children, and the inadequate enforcement efficiency of family-education guidance orders. Corresponding countermeasures are put forward to advance the legal guarantee for rural family education from physical coverage to effective coverage.