亚布力镇乡村旅游韧性特征及高质量路径研究

Research on Resilience Characteristics and High-Quality Path of Rural Tourism in Yabuli Town

摘要: 亚布力镇是黑龙江省具有代表性的冰雪旅游目的地。本文以亚布力雪乡、亚布力滑雪度假村和亚布力阳光度假村3个样本点为研究对象，从乡村旅游系统韧性视角构建经济、产业、社会、政策和生态环境五个维度的评价指标体系。研究采用熵权法确定指标权重，并运用障碍度模型识别制约乡村旅游韧性提升的关键因素。研究数据主要来自2014~2023年《中国农村统计年鉴》《中国旅游统计年鉴》等统计资料，并结合问卷调查与访谈获取居民感知类指标。结果表明，亚布力镇乡村旅游韧性的障碍度由高到低依次为经济韧性(0.37)、产业韧性(0.29)、社会韧性(0.21)、政策韧性(0.07)和生态环境韧性(0.06)。基于障碍因素识别，本文从拓宽旅游收入来源、降低经营与季节性成本、推进冰雪旅游向四季旅游延伸、强化村民参与和完善公共服务等方面提出针对性路径，并结合亚布力森林与冰雪资源禀赋、林旅融合基础及区域旅游联动特征讨论其适用性。

Abstract: Yabuli Town is a representative ice and snow tourism destination in Heilongjiang Province. Taking Yabuli Snow Town, Yabuli Ski Resort, and Yabuli Sunshine Resort as the three study sites, this study constructs an evaluation index system comprising five dimensions—economic, industrial, social, policy, and ecological-environmental resilience—from the perspective of rural tourism system resilience. The entropy weight method is employed to determine the weights of the indicators, while an obstacle degree model is used to identify the key factors constraining the improvement of rural tourism resilience. The study data are primarily derived from statistical sources, including the China Rural Statistical Yearbook and the China Tourism Statistical Yearbook, covering the period from 2014 to 2023, supplemented by questionnaire surveys and interviews to obtain resident perception indicators. The results indicate that the obstacle degrees of rural tourism resilience in Yabuli Town, in descending order, are economic resilience (0.37), industrial resilience (0.29), social resilience (0.21), policy resilience (0.07), and ecological-environmental resilience (0.06). Based on the identification of obstacle factors, this study proposes targeted pathways focusing on diversifying tourism revenue sources, reducing operational and seasonal costs, promoting the extension of ice and snow tourism toward year-round tourism, strengthening local resident participation, and improving public services. The applicability of these pathways is further discussed in relation to Yabuli’s forest and ice-snow resource endowments, foundation for forest-tourism integration, and characteristics of regional tourism linkages.