成人依恋对大学生主观幸福感的影响：亲子关系与社交焦虑的链式中介效应模型

The Impact of Adult Attachment on College Students’ Subjective Well-Being: A Sequential Mediation Model of Parent-Child Relationships and Social Anxiety

摘要: 目的：基于依恋理论与情绪调节的整合视角，考察成人依恋对大学生主观幸福感的影响机制，检验亲子关系与社交焦虑在二者之间的链式中介作用，为高校心理健康干预提供实证依据。方法：采用随机抽样，线上与线下相结合，发放问卷702份，回收有效问卷686份。采用ECR、s-EMBU-C、IAS与GWB施测。使用SPSS 27.0进行描述性统计、相关分析及独立样本t检验、方差分析，采用PROCESS模型6进行链式中介效应检验，Bootstrap重复取样5000次计算95%置信区间。结果：(1) 成人依恋与父母情感温暖呈显著负相关，与父母拒绝、父母过度保护及社交焦虑呈显著正相关，与主观幸福感呈显著负相关(均p < 0.01)。(2) 控制人口学变量后建立的三个链式中介模型的间接路径Bootstrap 95%置信区间均不包含0：父母拒绝模型中，成人依恋→父母拒绝→主观幸福感效应值为−0.0783，成人依恋→社交焦虑→主观幸福感为−0.0697，链式路径为−0.0351；父母情感温暖模型对应效应值依次为−0.0793、−0.0663、−0.0350；父母过度保护模型依次为−0.1023、−0.0670、−0.0329。结论：成人依恋的焦虑与回避两维度均负向预测大学生主观幸福感；亲子关系中的父母拒绝、父母情感温暖与父母过度保护三个维度分别和社交焦虑在成人依恋与主观幸福感之间共同起链式中介作用。不安全依恋通过降低亲子关系质量、提升社交焦虑，进而削弱幸福感。

Abstract: Objective: Based on an integrated perspective of attachment theory and emotion regulation, this study examined the mechanism underlying the effect of adult attachment on college students’ subjective well-being and tested the sequential mediating roles of parent-child relationships and social anxiety in this association, so as to provide empirical evidence for mental health interventions in higher education institutions. Methods: Using random sampling and a combination of online and offline administration, 702 questionnaires were distributed, and 686 valid questionnaires were collected. The ECR, s-EMBU-C, IAS, and GWB were administered. SPSS 27.0 was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent samples t-tests, and analysis of variance. The sequential mediation effects were tested using PROCESS Model 6, with 5000 Bootstrap resamples to calculate 95% confidence intervals. Results: (1) Adult attachment was significantly negatively correlated with parental emotional warmth and subjective well-being, while significantly positively correlated with parental rejection, parental overprotection, and social anxiety (all p < 0.01). (2) After controlling for demographic variables, the Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals of the indirect paths in all three sequential mediation models did not include 0: in the parental rejection model, the effect size of adult attachment → parental rejection → subjective well-being was −0.0783, that of adult attachment → social anxiety → subjective well-being was −0.0697, and that of the sequential path was −0.0351; in the parental emotional warmth model, the corresponding effect sizes were −0.0793, −0.0663, and −0.0350, respectively; and in the parental overprotection model, they were −0.1023, −0.0670, and −0.0329, respectively. Conclusion: Both the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of adult attachment negatively predict college students’ subjective well-being; the three dimensions of parent-child relationships, namely parental rejection, parental emotional warmth, and parental overprotection, each forms a sequential mediation pathway with social anxiety in the association between adult attachment and subjective well-being. Insecure attachment weakens well-being by reducing the quality of parent-child relationships and increasing social anxiety.