人情为本：苏轼儋州儒学双向教化研究

Human Centered and Bidirectional Assimilation: A Study on Su Shi’s Confucian Education in Danzhou

摘要: 本文以苏轼贬谪海南儋州时期(1097~1100)的儒学传播与实践为研究对象，聚焦于其海南黎族地区的儒学教化策略与实践，探寻黎族文化与苏轼自身儒学思想的双向互动。苏轼以“人情为本”的儒学思想为基础，在儋州实现了从“逐臣(谪官)”到“儋耳之民”的身份转变，提出“咨尔汉黎，均是一民”的平等命题，消融了传统华夷之辨。并且通过梳理苏轼创办载酒堂、改易风俗、传播医药与农耕知识等具体实践，透析了他如何推动包括儒学在内的中原文化，在少数民族地区的传播与践履。与此同时，黎族民众的淳朴生活反过来印证并深化了苏轼的儒学信念，拓展了儒学教化研究的视野，也为理解苏轼晚年思想的最终完成提供了新的视角。苏轼在儋州完成的《书传》《易传》《论语说》为其教化实践提供了哲学根基。其自身思想也在三年的儒学教化实践当中得到了完善，精神人格趋于完整，实现了“中原儒家文化与海南本土黎族文化的双向教化与融合”对儒化海南作出了巨大贡献。本研究对当前的跨文化传播与地域儒学研究具有重要的历史参照意义。

Abstract: This article takes the dissemination and practice of Confucianism during Su Shi’s exile to Danzhou, Hainan (1097~1100) as the research object, focusing on his Confucian education strategies and practices in the Li ethnic region of Hainan, and exploring the two-way interaction between Li culture and Su Shi’s own Confucian thoughts. Based on the Confucian ideology of “human feelings as the foundation”, Su Shi achieved a transformation in his identity from “courtiers” to “people of Dan’er” in Danzhou, proposing the equal proposition of “consulting with Han and Li, all are one people”, which dissolved the traditional distinction between Chinese and foreign cultures. And through sorting out Su Shi’s specific practices such as founding the Zaijiu Hall, changing customs, and spreading knowledge of medicine and agriculture, the article analyzes how he promoted the dissemination and acceptance of Confucianism in ethnic minority areas. At the same time, the simple life of the Li people in turn confirmed and deepened Su Shi’s Confucian beliefs, expanded the perspective of Confucian education research, and provided a new perspective for understanding the ultimate completion of Su Shi’s later thoughts. The “Biographies of the Book of Dongpo” and “The Book of Changes of Dongpo” completed by Su Shi in Danzhou provided a philosophical foundation for his educational practice. His own thoughts have also been perfected in three years of Confucian education practice, and his spiritual personality has become more complete, achieving the “two-way assimilation and integration of Central Plains Confucian culture and local Li culture in Hainan” and making great contributions to the Confucianization of Hainan. This study has important historical reference significance for cross-cultural communication and regional Confucianism research under the current awareness of the Chinese national community.