矿用本安型红外双目围岩位移检测仪的研发与工程应用研究

Research on the Development and Engineering Application of Intrinsically Safe Infrared Binocular Surround Rock Displacement Detector for Mining

摘要: 针对煤矿井下巷道围岩变形人工测定中存在的精度不足、效率偏低、时效性差和数据难以统一管理等问题，本文研发矿用本安型红外双目围岩位移检测仪并构建工程应用方案。系统采用“红外双目成像–相机标定与立体校正–立体匹配与亚像素视差求解–三维重建–重复测量与鲁棒异常值剔除–位移解算–平台预警”的技术路线，将现场快速采集、边缘计算、无线传输与巷道全生命周期管理相结合。现场工程验证结果表明，在现有已测试工况下，检测仪测量误差均值约为3 mm、最大误差约为4 mm；单条巷道测量由传统方式的2人约10 h缩短为1人约0.5 h。与固定式机器视觉系统、地面三维激光扫描和光纤布拉格光栅传感等代表性技术相比，本装置的主要优势在于便携、非接触、本安设计和数据闭环集成。

Abstract: To address the limited accuracy, low efficiency, poor timeliness, and fragmented data management of manual roadway deformation measurement in underground coal mines, an intrinsically safe infrared binocular surrounding-rock displacement detector and an engineering application scheme were developed. The system follows a workflow of infrared binocular imaging, camera calibration and stereo rectification, stereo matching with subpixel disparity estimation, three-dimensional reconstruction, repeated measurement with robust outlier rejection, displacement calculation, and platform-based warning. Field tests under the currently verified conditions show a mean measurement error of approximately 3 mm and a maximum error of approximately 4 mm. The time required for one roadway was reduced from about 10 h with two workers using conventional methods to about 0.5 h with one operator. Compared with representative fixed machine-vision systems, terrestrial laser scanning, and fiber Bragg grating sensing, the proposed device emphasizes portability, non-contact measurement, intrinsic-safety-oriented design, and closed-loop data integration.