病原生物学实验教学改革的人工智能赋能之路——挑战、机遇与发展策略

AI-Empowered Reform of Experimental Teaching in Pathogen Biology—Challenges, Opportunities, and Development Strategies

摘要: 病原生物学实验教学是衔接理论与临床，培养学生实践能力与生物安全素养的关键环节，当前面临安全性与可及性失衡、教学内容模式固化、资源时空约束突出三大困境。人工智能凭借虚拟仿真、知识图谱、计算机视觉等技术，为实验教学改革提供新路径。本文剖析病原生物学实验教学现存问题，对比传统教学与人工智能赋能教学的差异，提出虚实融合实训平台建设、人工智能驱动教学内容重构、泛在学习空间搭建等改革策略；同时针对技术成本高、教师数字素养不足、数据伦理风险等现实难题，提出资源共享、分层培训、完善保障机制等对策。人工智能赋能的核心是“增强而非替代”，旨在构建弹性教学生态，实现数据驱动的教学优化。未来随着多智能体、医学垂直大模型、混合现实技术发展，人工智能将推动病原生物学实验教学回归人本化，培养兼具专业能力与人文素养的医学人才。

Abstract: Experimental teaching in Pathogen Biology is a key link between theory and clinical practice and an essential component in cultivating students’ practical ability and biosafety literacy. It currently faces three major dilemmas: an imbalance between biosafety and accessibility, rigid teaching content and pedagogical models, and prominent spatiotemporal constraints on resources. With technologies such as virtual simulation, knowledge graphs, and computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI) provides new pathways for experimental teaching reform. This paper analyzes the existing problems in Pathogen Biology experimental teaching, compares traditional teaching with AI-empowered teaching, and proposes reform strategies such as building integrated virtual–real practical training platforms, reconstructing teaching content in an AI-driven manner, and creating ubiquitous learning spaces. In response to practical challenges including high technical costs, insufficient digital literacy among teachers, and data ethics risks, it also proposes countermeasures such as resource sharing, tiered training, and improved safeguard mechanisms. The core of AI empowerment is “enhancement rather than replacement”, aiming to build a resilient teaching ecosystem and achieve data-driven teaching optimization. In the future, with the development of multi-agent systems, medical vertical large models, and mixed reality technologies, AI will promote the return of Pathogen Biology experimental teaching to a human-centered orientation and help cultivate medical talents with both professional competence and humanistic qualities.