国际中文教育中“穿”“戴”“带”的教学实践与策略研究——以在华外籍教师课堂教学为例

A Study on Teaching Practices and Strategies for “Chuan”, “Dai”, and “Dai” in International Chinese Education —Taking the Classroom Teaching of Foreign Teachers in China as an Example

摘要: 近义词辨析是国际中文教育中语言要素教学的核心难点之一。本文以“穿”“戴”“带”为研究对象，基于在华外籍教师的课堂教学实践，系统分析三者在语义、搭配及文化语境中的差异，揭示外籍学习者的常见偏误及成因，并结合第二语言习得理论与跨文化交际理论，提出“情境–对比–任务”三维教学策略。研究采用案例研究与行动研究，跟踪记录12名外籍教师的专项教学全过程，结合课堂观察、作业语料分析与学习者访谈评估教学效果。研究发现，针对以英语为母语的学习者，需通过实物演示、汉英对比、场景应用等方式破解母语负迁移影响，同时兼顾汉字形音义特点设计分层教学活动。研究可为国际中文近义词教学提供实践范式，对汉语作为第二语言教学的动词教学具有参考价值。

Abstract: Distinguishing between synonyms is one of the core challenges in teaching linguistic elements in international Chinese education. Taking “chuan”, “dai”, and “dai” as the objects of study, this paper systematically analyzes the differences among these three terms in terms of semantics, collocation, and cultural context based on the classroom teaching practices of foreign teachers in China. It reveals common errors made by foreign learners and their causes, and, drawing on second language acquisition theory and cross-cultural communication theory, proposes a three-dimensional teaching strategy of “context-contrast-task”. The study employed case studies and action research, tracking and documenting the entire process of specialized instruction by 12 foreign teachers. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated through classroom observations, analysis of assignment data, and learner interviews. The findings indicate that, for English-speaking learners, it is necessary to counteract the influence of negative transfer from their native language through methods such as physical demonstrations, Chinese-English comparisons, and scenario-based applications, while simultaneously designing tiered teaching activities that take into account the characteristics of Chinese characters in terms of form, sound, and meaning. This study provides a practical paradigm for teaching Chinese synonyms in international Chinese language education and offers valuable insights for teaching verbs in Chinese as a second language.