异氰酸酯结构对KH550改性PDMS疏水涂层性能的影响
Effect of Isocyanate Structure on Performance of KH550‑Modified PDMS Hydrophobic Coatings
DOI: 10.12677/amc.2026.144043, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 曹 雯, 刘善堂*：武汉工程大学化学与环境工程学院，湖北 武汉
关键词: 异氰酸酯；疏水涂层；反应进度匹配；耐磨性；Isocyanate； Hydrophobic Coating； Reaction Progress Matching； Abrasion Resistance
摘要: 以氨丙基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷(APT-PDMS)为软段，在相同投料比下分别与脂肪族(HDI)、脂环族(IPDI)和芳香族(MDI)异氰酸酯反应，再引入十二硫醇(NDM)作为疏水改性剂，构建三种聚氨酯体系，系统研究3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550, APTES)对不同体系涂层性能的影响及机制。结果表明，KH550的作用效果取决于异氰酸酯结构：HDI体系活性高，预聚阶段-NCO已经完全消耗，KH550仅以物理形式共存，物理共混导致接触角下降及其在成膜过程中表面富集的亲水氨基导致涂层接触角下降；IPDI体系活性适中，预聚后残留-NCO使KH550化学接入，肉眼观察下无气泡并提升接触角；MDI体系活性极高，KH550调控固化速率获得平整涂层，接触角高达172˚峰值，经2000次打磨仍保持160˚以上，耐磨性最优。XPS证实KH550在IPDI和MDI体系中化学接入，在HDI体系中仅物理共存。本文揭示异氰酸酯结构通过调控反应进度决定KH550接入方式的规律，为疏水涂层设计提供依据。
Abstract: Aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APT-PDMS) was used as the soft segment. Three polyurethane systems were fabricated by reacting APT-PDMS with aliphatic isocyanate (HDI), alicyclic isocyanate (IPDI) and aromatic isocyanate (MDI) at identical feed ratios. Reintroduce dodecanethiol (NDM) as a hydrophobic modifier. The effects and mechanism of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550, APTES) on coating properties of different systems were systematically investigated. The results reveal that the performance of KH550 is dependent on the isocyanate structure. For the HDI system with high reactivity, -NCO groups are completely consumed during the prepolymerization stage, and KH550 only exists via physical blending. The hydrophilic amino groups of KH550 accumulate on the coating surface during film formation, leading to a decreased water contact angle. The IPDI system exhibits moderate reactivity; residual -NCO groups after prepolymerization enable chemical incorporation of KH550. Consequently, bubble-free coatings are obtained accompanied by improved contact angle. The MDI system possesses extremely high reactivity. KH550 tunes the curing rate to prepare smooth coatings with a contact angle up to 172˚ degrees peak. The coating maintains a contact angle above 160˚ after 2000 abrasion cycles, showing outstanding abrasion resistance. XPS results verify that KH550 is chemically incorporated into IPDI and MDI systems, while only physically blended in the HDI system. This work establishes the rule that isocyanate structure determines the incorporation mode of KH550 by modulating the reaction progress, providing guidelines for the design of hydrophobic coatings.
文章引用：曹雯, 刘善堂. 异氰酸酯结构对KH550改性PDMS疏水涂层性能的影响[J]. 材料化学前沿, 2026, 14(4): 463-475. https://doi.org/10.12677/amc.2026.144043

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