多语接触背景下芒旺布朗族的语言使用与语言态度调查

A Survey on Language Use and Language Attitudes of the Blang People in Mangwang Village in Context of Multilingual Interaction

摘要: 布朗族是我国人口较少民族之一，其语言布朗语属于南亚语系孟高棉语族，长期处于多民族共居、多语言接触的社会环境之中。本文以云南省普洱市景谷傣族彝族自治县勐班乡芒旺村布朗族为调查对象，综合运用问卷调查(110份)和半结构式访谈(10人)等方法，系统考察芒旺布朗族的母语使用现状、语言兼用格局及语言态度。调查发现：1) 芒旺布朗语保持总体稳定，80.91%的受访者自评母语熟练，但6~19岁青少年熟练率仅为59.09%，代际弱化明显；2) 汉语已普遍兼用，傣语兼用明显萎缩，三种语言在不同场合形成清晰的功能分工；3) 语言态度呈情感上坚守母语、功能上拥抱汉语的复合结构，母语传承期待正从家庭自然传承走向制度化路径。芒旺布朗族的语言生活体现了多民族交融进程中交融的语言发展路径。

Abstract: The Blang people are one of China’s ethnic groups with a small population. Their language, the Blang language, belongs to the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family and has long been situated in a social environment characterized by multi-ethnic cohabitation and intensive language contact. This study focuses on the Blang community in Mangwang Village, Mengban Township, Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province. By combining questionnaire surveys (110 responses) and semi-structured interviews (10 individuals), it systematically examines the current status of mother tongue use, patterns of language concurrence, and language attitudes among the Mangwang Blang people. The findings reveal that: 1) the maintenance of the Mangwang Blang variety remains generally stable, with 80.91% of respondents rating their mother tongue proficiency as fluent, yet the fluency rate among the 6~19 age group drops to only 59.09%, indicating a clear generational attrition; 2) Chinese is now widely used as a concomitant language, while the concurrent use of Dai (Tai) has markedly declined, and the three languages exhibit distinct functional differentiation across various domains; 3) language attitudes display a composite structure—emotionally attached to the mother tongue while functionally embracing Chinese—and expectations for intergenerational transmission of the mother tongue are shifting from family-based natural transmission toward institutionalized pathways. The linguistic life of the Mangwang Blang people reflects a developmental trajectory of “integration without homogenization” amidst multi-ethnic interaction.