释意理论视角下新疆外宣纪录片《天山南北》俄语字幕翻译研究

A Study of Russian Subtitle Translation of the Xinjiang International Communication Documentary “Tianshan Nanbei” from the Perspective of Interpretive Theory

摘要: 外宣纪录片是展现地域风貌、传播本土文化、打造区域对外形象的重要视听载体，其俄语字幕翻译质量直接影响中俄跨文化传播的实际效果，但目前国内相关专项研究较为有限。本文以纪录片《天山南北》俄语字幕为研究样本，基于释意理论“理解–脱壳–重组”三阶段模型，从民族文化专有词汇、方言口语等语言层面及生态产业、人文故事等内容层面梳理翻译难点，提出文化适配转译、口语语义重构、叙事逻辑重组等优化策略。研究表明，释意理论可帮助译者摆脱源语表层结构束缚，更准确地把握语义核心与文化内涵，可为同类新疆俄语外宣译制及中俄跨文化传播实践提供参考。

Abstract: Documentaries for international communication serve as important audiovisual vehicles for showcasing regional landscapes, disseminating local culture, and projecting a region’s external image. The quality of their Russian subtitle translation directly affects the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication between China and Russia, yet specialized research on this subject remains limited in China. Taking the Russian subtitles of the documentary Tianshan Nanbei (Beyond the Mountains: Life in Xinjiang) as its object of study, this paper draws on the three-phase model of the Interpretive Theory of Translation—comprehension, deverbalization, and re-expression—to examine translation difficulties at the linguistic level, such as ethnic culture-specific terms and dialectal or colloquial expressions, as well as at the content level, including ecological industries and human-interest stories. It further proposes optimization strategies of culturally adaptive transposition, semantic reconstruction of colloquialisms, and reorganization of narrative logic. The findings indicate that the Interpretive Theory helps translators break free from the constraints of the source language’s surface structure and capture the semantic core and cultural connotations more accurately, thereby offering a reference for similar Russian-language translation of Xinjiang’s international communication materials and for China-Russia cross-cultural communication practice.