基于城市轨道交通的电商末端配送协同优化研究

Research on Collaborative Optimization of E-Commerce Last-Mile Delivery Based on Urban Rail Transit

摘要: 随着电子商务和快递业务快速发展，城市末端配送面临订单碎片化、道路拥堵和低碳转型等压力。城市轨道交通具有网络覆盖广、运行准点、非高峰运力富余等优势，可为电商末端配送提供补充运输方式。文章构建了“订单筛选–站点换装–轨道运输–末端接驳–信息协同”的城轨配送模式，并从需求适配、路径组织、运力调度和主体协同等方面提出了优化机制。情景模拟结果表明，在合理筛选订单、避开客流高峰并控制换装效率的条件下，城轨协同配送能够减少道路行驶里程，提高配送准时性，并降低一定的碳排放，可为相关主体开展试点提供参考。

Abstract: With the rapid growth of e-commerce and express delivery, urban last-mile delivery faces pressures such as fragmented orders, road congestion, and low-carbon transformation. Urban rail transit, with its wide network coverage, high punctuality, and surplus off-peak capacity, provides a supplementary transport option for e-commerce last-mile delivery. This paper develops an urban rail-based delivery mode of order screening, station transshipment, rail transport, terminal connection, and information coordination, and proposes optimization mechanisms for demand matching, route organization, capacity scheduling, and multi-agent coordination. Scenario simulation shows that, with proper order screening, off-peak operation, and efficient transshipment, the proposed mode can reduce road mileage, improve delivery punctuality, and lower carbon emissions to some extent. The study provides references for pilot applications.