边缘计算赋能桥梁结构损伤主动预警技术研究

Research on Proactive Damage Warning Technology of Edge Computing Energized Bridge Structures

摘要: 我国桥梁所依赖的基础设施已达到较大规模，许多桥梁开始处于服役中后期，其结构损伤不易察觉又可能突然发生，管理上较难把握。以云端为中心的现有结构健康监测方法在时延、带宽及离线状态可靠性上都有一定限制，不能很好应对主动预警的需要。边缘计算是接近数据源头的分布式计算方式，适合前端作信息分析、特征归纳乃至预警决策，因而对桥梁损伤主动监测是一种新思路。文章将传统健康监测的效能障碍作一归纳，分析边缘计算的运行原理，提出边缘–云配合的主动预警构想，结合感知、识别、分级说明技术要点，指出实际部署的困难和可行方向。根据研究结论可知：边缘计算能克服集中云端的瓶颈，使结构损伤快获知、早处理，对桥梁全寿命周期安全有显著的理论意义。

Abstract: The infrastructure that bridges in China rely on has reached a large scale, and many bridges are in the middle and late stages of service. Their structural damage is difficult to detect and may occur suddenly, making it difficult to manage. The existing structural health monitoring methods centered on the cloud have certain limitations in terms of latency, bandwidth, and offline reliability, and cannot effectively meet the needs of proactive warning. Edge computing is a distributed computing method close to the data source, which is suitable for information analysis, feature induction and early warning decision-making in the front end. Therefore, active monitoring of bridge damage is a new idea. This paper summarizes the efficiency barriers of traditional health monitoring, analyzes the operating principle of edge computing, proposes a proactive warning concept of edge-cloud cooperation, and explains the technical points in combination with perception, recognition and classification, pointing out the difficulties and feasible directions of actual deployment. According to the research conclusions, edge computing can overcome the bottleneck of centralized cloud, make structural damage known quickly and deal with it early, which has significant theoretical significance for the safety of the whole life cycle of bridges.