青海祁连山国家公园沼泽湿地退化过程研究
Study on the Degradation Process of Marsh Wetlands in Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park
DOI: 10.12677/hjss.2026.144027, PDF,   
作者: 杨红珍, 张乐乐, 毛旭锋：青海师范大学地理科学学院，青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室，青海 西宁；杨昊虹*：青海师范大学生命科学学院，青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室，青海 西宁；于红妍, 王贤颖：祁连山国家公园青海省管理局，青海 西宁；苟丽娟：青海大开生态科技有限公司，青海 西宁
关键词: 祁连山国家公园；沼泽湿地；退化；植被；土壤；Qilian Mountain National Park； Marsh Wetland； Degradation； Vegetation； Soil
摘要: 本研究选取青海祁连山国家公园内不同退化程度(未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化)的沼泽湿地作为研究对象，通过野外实地调查与室内分析相结合的方法，系统测定并分析不同退化梯度下关键植被参数和土壤参数的变化特征。得到的结果表明，未退化沼泽湿地的植物群落主要以藏嵩草(Kobresia xchoenoides)、华扁穗草(Blysmus sinocompressus)等为优势种，轻度退化阶段线叶嵩草(Kobresia capillifolia)、矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)等为优势种，中度退化阶段矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis Ser)等为优势种，重度退化阶段主要以西伯利亚蓼(Knorringia sibirica)、珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)等为优势种。从未退化至重度退化，莎草科的优势种地位逐渐被削弱，而菊科、蓼科的种类逐渐增多，积水含量逐渐减少，鼠洞密度逐渐增多。随着沼泽湿地退化程度的加剧，植物高度、植被盖度、地上生物量和地下生物量均呈现出减小趋势；土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮、全磷含量整体呈现出减小趋势，全钾以及深层土壤温度则呈现出增加趋势。
Abstract: In this study, marsh wetlands with different degradation degrees (non-degraded, lightly degraded, moderately degraded and heavily degraded) in Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park were selected as the research objects, and the variation characteristics of key vegetation and soil parameters along the degradation gradient were systematically measured and analyzed through a combination of field investigation and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the plant community of the non-degraded marsh wetland was dominated by Kobresia xchoenoides and Blysmus sinocompressus; the lightly degraded stage was dominated by Kobresia capillifolia and Kobresia humilis; the moderately degraded stage was dominated by Kobresia humilis and Potentilla chinensis Ser; and the heavily degraded stage was mainly dominated by Knorringia sibirica and Polygonum viviparum. From non-degraded to heavily degraded wetlands, the dominance of Cyperaceae species was gradually weakened, while the species number of Asteraceae and Polygonaceae gradually increased; surface water accumulation gradually decreased, whereas rodent burrow density gradually increased. With the intensification of marsh wetland degradation, plant height, vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass all showed decreasing trends; soil water content, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents generally showed decreasing trends, while total potassium content and deep soil temperature showed increasing trends.
文章引用：杨红珍, 杨昊虹, 张乐乐, 于红妍, 毛旭锋, 王贤颖, 苟丽娟. 青海祁连山国家公园沼泽湿地退化过程研究[J]. 土壤科学, 2026, 14(4): 279-292. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjss.2026.144027

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