庇护与陷阱：社会支持对老年金融受骗风险的双刃剑效应

Shelter and Trap: The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Social Support on the Risk of Financial Fraud against Older Adults

摘要: 随着人口结构变迁与数字技术普及，老年金融安全面临严峻挑战。本研究突破既有研究将社会支持单一归结为“保护因素”的线性思维，转而从社会互动与心理机制的双重视角，探究其对老年人金融受骗风险的非线性影响逻辑。研究发现，社会支持在风险防控中呈现出显著的“双刃剑”效应：适度的支持通过信息赋能与情感联结构建防护网络；而支持的过度嵌入或结构性失衡，则会导致信任机制异化与个体决策能力的系统性钝化，进而诱发“助骗”风险。这种由“庇护”向“陷阱”的转化，本质上是社会支持在特定阈值下功能异化的结果。基于此，研究主张构建一种动态适配的精准干预范式，强调在尊重老年人主体性的前提下，通过优化支持结构来平衡“外部保护”与“自主决策”的关系，从而实现从被动防御向主动韧性治理的转变。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of demographic transitions and the proliferation of digital technologies, financial security for older adults faces severe challenges. Departing from the traditional linear perspective that categorizes social support solely as a “protective factor”, this study explores the non-linear impact logic of social support on the risk of financial fraud among older adults through the dual lenses of social interaction and psychological mechanisms. The findings reveal a significant “double-edged sword” effect in risk prevention: while moderate support constructs a protective network through information empowerment and emotional connection, excessive embedding or structural imbalance of support leads to the alienation of trust mechanisms and the systematic blunting of individual decision-making capabilities, thereby inducing “fraud-facilitating” risks. The transition from “shelter” to “trap” is essentially the result of functional alienation of social support when it exceeds specific thresholds. In light of this, this paper proposes transcending the mere resource-supply perspective by establishing a governance logic of “moderate empowerment”. Policies and practices must precisely delineate the boundaries between external intervention and autonomous decision-making while respecting the subjectivity of older adults. By optimizing the timing and structure of support to circumvent the cognitive crowding-out effect caused by overprotection, this approach aims to transform anti-fraud efforts from passive physical defense toward an active governance paradigm that cultivates individual financial resilience.