熟人社会消解与社区养老服务投融资模式转型——基于社会资本理论的分析

The Dissolution of Acquaintance Society and the Transformation of Investment and Financing Models for Community Elderly Care Services—An Analysis Based on Social Capital Theory

摘要: 城镇化深刻改变了基层社会结构，熟人社会消解导致社区非正式社会资本衰减，依托人情互助与自发筹资运转的养老内源投融资体系逐步失灵。本文立足社会学治理视角，运用社会资本理论，系统揭示熟人社会消解对社区养老投融资的多重冲击，阐明人际信任流失、互惠规范瓦解与地缘网络断裂三重损耗是资金缺口扩大、互助效能递减与服务供需错配的深层根源。进一步针对城市、城乡结合部与乡村三类社区的社会资本存量差异，厘清投融资模式转型的三重逻辑，构建分层适配的多元投融资体系，并从信任重塑、规范再造与网络重构三维度提出治理路径，以期为社区养老服务回归公共属性、实现人情互助与制度化融合发展提供理论参照。

Abstract: Urbanization has fundamentally reshaped grassroots social structures. The dissolution of the acquaintance society has eroded informal social capital in communities, undermining the endogenous financing system for elderly care that relied on mutual assistance and voluntary fundraising. From a sociological governance perspective and drawing on social capital theory, this paper systematically examines the multiple impacts of this dissolution on community elderly care financing. It reveals that the triple depletion of interpersonal trust, reciprocal norms, and geographical networks constitute the deep-seated cause of widening funding gaps, declining mutual-aid efficacy, and supply-demand mismatches. Furthermore, by differentiating social capital endowments across urban, urban-rural fringe, and rural communities, it clarifies the triple logic of financing model transformation, constructs a layered and adaptive diversified investment and financing system, and proposes governance pathways from three dimensions—trust reconstruction, norm revitalization, and network reconfiguration. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for restoring the public attribute of community elderly care and achieving an integrated development of humanistic mutual assistance and institutionalized care.