代际关系变迁视角下养老服务设施的空间功能重塑

Spatial Function Reshaping of Elderly Care Service Facilities from the Perspective of Intergenerational Relationship Transition

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续深化与家庭结构快速转型的背景下，传统家庭养老模式面临照护资源弱化、代际分居常态化以及养老需求多元化等现实挑战。养老服务设施作为应对老龄化的重要空间载体，其社会功能和空间意义正在发生深刻变化。本文基于空间生产理论、代际团结理论以及双元孝道模型，从代际关系变迁视角出发，探讨养老服务设施空间功能重塑的社会逻辑。研究发现：在传统孝道伦理影响下，养老服务设施长期被视为家庭责任缺失和代际关系断裂的象征空间；随着家庭结构小型化、人口流动加速以及孝道观念由“权威性孝道”向“相互性孝道”转变，养老服务设施逐渐摆脱传统的负向空间表征，并由单纯的生活照护空间转变为维系家庭联系、促进代际互动和实现情感补偿的重要空间载体。进一步分析表明，现代养老服务设施通过提供专业照护服务、创造代际共享场景以及构建社区融合平台，正在成为连接家庭、社区与社会的重要“情感联结站”。因此，未来养老服务设施规划应超越“床位供给”逻辑，转向“关系供给”导向，通过构建代际友好型空间促进家庭团结与积极老龄化目标实现。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population ageing and the rapid transformation of family structures, the traditional family-based elderly care model is increasingly challenged by weakened caregiving capacity, the normalization of intergenerational residential separation, and the diversification of older adults’ care needs. As an important spatial carrier for responding to population ageing, elderly care service facilities are undergoing profound changes in both their social functions and spatial meanings. Drawing on Spatial Production Theory, Intergenerational Solidarity Theory, and the Dual Filial Piety Model, this study examines the social logic underlying the spatial function reshaping of elderly care service facilities from the perspective of changing intergenerational relationships. The findings indicate that, under the influence of traditional filial ethics, elderly care service facilities were long perceived as symbolic spaces representing the failure of family responsibility and the rupture of intergenerational ties. However, with the miniaturization of family structures, increasing population mobility, and the transformation of filial piety from centralized governance to reciprocal forms, these facilities are gradually shedding their traditional negative spatial representations. Their functions have evolved from simple care-oriented spaces into important platforms for maintaining family connections, promoting intergenerational interaction, and providing emotional support. Furthermore, modern elderly care service facilities have increasingly become vital “emotional connection hubs” by offering professional care services, creating shared intergenerational spaces, and fostering community integration. Therefore, future planning and development of elderly care service facilities should move beyond a bed-supply-oriented approach toward a relationship-support-oriented paradigm. By constructing intergenerationally friendly spaces, such facilities can strengthen family solidarity and contribute to the realization of active ageing.