福利多元主义视域下农村智慧养老协同供给困境及纾解路径

Dilemmas and Alleviation Paths of Collaborative Supply for Rural Smart Elderly Care from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism

摘要: 农村人口老龄化进程加速与养老服务供给能力薄弱之间的矛盾日益突出，智慧养老被视为补齐农村养老短板的重要路径。然而，农村智慧养老在实践中面临严重的协同供给困境，多元主体参与不足、资源整合不畅、制度衔接缺失等问题制约着服务效能的释放。本文以福利多元主义为框架，分析政府、市场、社会、家庭四类主体的功能定位与现实偏差，揭示主体协同失灵、资源协同断裂、技术协同滞后、制度协同缺位四重困境，指出其根源在于责任边界模糊、激励相容缺失、数字鸿沟与城乡二元结构叠加、制度与技术异步。据此提出强化政府统筹、激活市场与社会参与、弥合数字鸿沟、完善制度保障的纾解路径。

Abstract: The contradiction between the accelerating pace of rural population aging and the insufficient capacity of elderly care service supply has become increasingly prominent. Smart elderly care is regarded as a vital approach to shore up weaknesses in rural elderly care. Nevertheless, the practice of rural smart elderly care is trapped in severe dilemmas of collaborative supply. Constraints including insufficient participation of multiple stakeholders, poor integration of resources, and disconnected institutional arrangements hinder the improvement of service efficiency. Taking welfare pluralism as the analytical framework, this paper sorts out the functional positioning and practical deviations of four stakeholders: government, market, society and family. It identifies four interrelated predicaments: dysfunctional coordination among stakeholders, fragmented resource coordination, lagging technical coordination, and inadequate institutional coordination. The root causes lie in ambiguous division of responsibilities, lack of compatible incentive mechanisms, overlapping effects of the digital divide and the urban-rural dual structure, as well as the asynchronous development of institutions and technologies. On this basis, this study proposes countermeasures to alleviate the above difficulties, namely strengthening overall government coordination, stimulating the participation of market and social forces, bridging the digital divide, and improving institutional safeguards.