老龄化背景下老年人就医困难及影响因素研究——以贵阳市为例

Research on the Difficulty of Elderly People Seeking Medical Treatment and Its Influencing Factors under the Background of Aging—A Case Study of Guiyang City

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化程度不断加深，老年群体医疗服务需求持续增长，就医便利性和可及性问题逐渐成为社会关注的重要议题。近年来，预约挂号、移动支付、电子医保凭证、自助终端等数字医疗服务不断普及，在提升医疗服务效率的同时，也使部分老年人在就医过程中面临新的问题。贵阳市作为贵州省省会城市，人口老龄化速度不断加快，医疗资源相对集中，老年人跨区域就医需求较为明显，其就医困难具有一定的典型性和代表性。本文以贵阳市60岁及以上老年人为研究对象，拟采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法，从预约挂号、导诊、候诊、就诊、检查、缴费、取药等多个环节分析老年人就医过程中存在的困难，并进一步探讨年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、数字设备使用能力等因素对老年人就医困难的影响。在此基础上，结合贵阳市医疗服务现状，从医院适老化建设、数字医疗优化、社区健康支持以及社会协同治理等方面提出针对性建议，为提升老年友好型医疗服务水平提供参考。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging in our country, the demand for medical services among the elderly group keeps growing, and the issues of medical convenience and accessibility have gradually become important topics of social concern. In recent years, digital medical services such as appointment registration, mobile payment, electronic medical insurance certificates and self-service terminals have been continuously popularized. While improving the efficiency of medical services, they have also brought new problems to some elderly people during their medical treatment process. As the capital city of Guizhou Province, Guiyang is experiencing an accelerating pace of population aging. Its medical resources are relatively concentrated, and the demand for cross-regional medical treatment among the elderly is quite obvious. The difficulty they face in seeking medical treatment is somewhat typical and representative. This article takes the elderly aged 60 and above in Guiyang City as the research object. It intends to adopt the method combining questionnaire survey and interview to analyze the difficulties existing in the medical treatment process of the elderly from multiple links such as appointment registration, guidance, waiting for consultation, medical treatment, examination, payment and medicine collection. And it further explores the influence of factors such as age, educational attainment, health status, and the ability to use digital devices on the difficulty of the elderly in seeking medical treatment. On this basis, in combination with the current situation of medical services in Guiyang City, targeted suggestions are put forward from aspects such as the elderly-friendly construction of hospitals, the optimization of digital medical care, community health support, and social collaborative governance, providing references for improving the level of elderly-friendly medical services.