人口老龄化视角下疗愈景观提升老年群体心理健康与社会福祉研究

Research on Promoting the Mental Health and Social Welfare of the Elderly through Healing Landscapes from the Perspective of Population Aging

摘要: 本研究基于社会支持理论与环境心理学视角，系统探讨人口老龄化背景下疗愈景观提升老年群体心理健康与社会福祉的作用机理、发展现状、现存问题及优化路径。研究采用理论分析法，构建“景观–心理–社会”整合分析框架，结合国内外典型案例进行剖析。研究发现，疗愈景观通过社会关系的重构、文化意义的赋予与集体记忆的激活实现社会学层面的疗愈功能，同时借助多感官整合、认知负荷降低、情绪唤起与社会互动等景观心理学机制作用于老年心理健康维护。当前我国疗愈景观发展面临理论建构薄弱、普惠供给失衡、社会参与机制缺失、文化适应性欠缺及社会支持网络断裂等深层困境。据此，研究提出构建老年心理健康导向的跨学科理论框架、推动普惠性疗愈景观的空间正义供给、建立老年主体参与的协同设计机制、深化文化适应性设计及构建长效社会运营网络五条路径。研究认为，疗愈景观的战略价值已超越传统景观设计边界，上升为社会治理与公共政策的重要议题，其发展指向“关怀型社会”的建构理想，对贯彻落实积极应对人口老龄化的国家战略目标具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。

Abstract: From the perspectives of social support theory and environmental psychology, this study systematically examines the mechanism, current development status, existing problems and optimization pathways of healing landscapes in improving the mental health and social well-being of the elderly amid population ageing. Adopting the theoretical analysis method, the study establishes an integrated analytical framework of “Landscape-Psychology-Society”, supported by in-depth analysis of typical cases both at home and abroad. The findings indicate that healing landscapes deliver sociological healing functions by reconstructing social relations, endowing cultural meanings and activating collective memory. Meanwhile, they safeguard the mental health of older adults through landscape psychological mechanisms including multisensory integration, cognitive load reduction, emotional arousal and social interaction. At present, the development of healing landscapes in China faces deep-seated dilemmas: weak theoretical construction, unbalanced inclusive supply, deficient social participation mechanisms, inadequate cultural adaptability and fractured social sup-port networks. Accordingly, five optimization pathways are proposed: establishing an interdisciplinary theoretical framework oriented towards the mental health of the elderly; promoting space-justice-based inclusive supply of healing landscapes; developing collaborative design mechanisms with older adults as core participants; advancing culturally adaptive design; and building long-term social operation networks. This study argues that the strategic value of healing landscapes has transcended the boundaries of conventional landscape design and evolved into a key issue in social governance and public policy. Its development embodies the ideal of building a “caring society”, carrying important theoretical value and practical significance for implementing the National Strategy for Actively Responding to Population Aging.