积极老龄化背景下社区老年志愿服务参与动机与主体性价值实现——基于人的全面发展视角

Value Realization of Subjectivity and Motivation of Community-Based Elderly Volunteer Service under Active Aging Background—From the Perspective of All-Round Human Development

摘要: 积极老龄化把“社会参与”当作核心支柱之一，社区老年志愿服务是低龄老年人再社会化、价值延续的重要途径，但目前实践当中，老年志愿服务常常被简化为治安巡逻、卫生监督这些事务性的帮助，老年人大多处于被动动员的状态，他们的参与动机与主体性价值实现未获充分关注。本文以马克思人的全面发展理论为依托，借鉴世界卫生组织积极老龄化框架，基于贵阳市4个社区42位低龄老年志愿者的深度访谈，梳理其参与动机的复合面向，分析志愿服务作为晚年主体性确证场域的运行机制。只有冲破把老年人当作“辅助性人力资源”的工具化定位，在制度中落实老年志愿者的选择权、决策权与评价权，才能使社区志愿服务真正成为通向人的全面发展的晚年路径。

Abstract: The active aging regards social participation as a core pillar. Community-based elderly volunteer service is an important avenue for the re-socialization and value continuation of young-old adults, yet in practice it is often reduced to instrumental tasks such as neighborhood patrols, leaving older adults passively mobilized and their motivations and subjective value realization insufficiently theorized. Grounded in Marx’s theory of all-round human development and the WHO active aging framework, this study draws on in-depth interviews with 42 young-old volunteers in four Guiyang communities to unpack the composite dimensions of their motivations and analyze the mechanisms through which volunteer service affirms subjectivity in later life. Only by transcending the instrumentalist positioning of older adults as supplementary human resources and institutionalizing their rights to choose, decide, and evaluate can such service become a genuine pathway toward all-round human development in later life.