空心化背景下农村互助养老模式的优化路径研究

A Study on the Optimization Paths of Rural Mutual-Aid Elderly Care Models under the Background of Hollowing-Out

摘要: 在城镇化快速推进与农村人口老龄化加剧的背景下，农村养老问题成为亟待补齐的民生短板。然而，伴随城镇化进程中青壮年劳动力持续外流，农村“空心化”现象日益加剧，对以熟人社会为根基的互助养老模式构成了根本性冲击。本文基于空心化这一核心视角，系统考察空心化对农村互助养老的多维冲击，深入分析其在参与主体、资金保障、人才队伍、运行管理等方面面临的现实困境，并提出激活内生动力、构建多元筹资机制、健全人才培育体系、完善运行管理制度等优化路径，以期为空心化背景下农村互助养老的可持续发展提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization and deepening rural population aging, rural elderly care has become a critical livelihood issue to be addressed. However, with the continuous out-migration of young and middle-aged labor forces during urbanization, rural hollowing-out has intensified, fundamentally undermining the mutual-aid elderly care model rooted in acquaintance society. From the perspective of hollowing-out, this paper systematically examines its multidimensional impacts on rural mutual-aid elderly care, analyzes practical dilemmas concerning participation subjects, financial security, talent pools, and operational management, and proposes optimization paths including activating endogenous motivation, establishing diversified financing mechanisms, improving talent cultivation systems, and enhancing operational governance, so as to provide references for the sustainable development of rural mutual-aid elderly care under hollowing-out conditions.