老龄化社会政策导向下的城市养老服务体系优化研究——以山东省东营市为例

Research on the Optimization of Urban Elderly Care Service Systems under the Policy Orientation of an Aging Society—A Case Study of Dongying City, Shandong Province

摘要: 人口老龄化正在重塑城市公共服务供给和社区治理方式，地方城市养老服务体系面临服务提质与空间适配的双重要求。为探讨老龄化社会政策导向下城市养老服务体系的优化路径，本文以山东省东营市为研究对象，运用文献分析、政策文本分析和统计资料分析方法，结合第七次全国人口普查、东营市统计公报、国家及地方养老政策文件，对东营市老龄化特征、养老服务基础和现实问题进行分析。研究发现，东营市老龄化程度较为明显，养老服务体系已经具备一定的基础，但仍存在居家社区养老供需适配不足、医养照护衔接不够连续、适老化空间更新系统性不足等问题。据此，应以社区生活圈为基本单元，完善嵌入式养老服务网络，推进居家、社区、机构协同，强化医养康养融合与适老化城市更新。研究可为资源型城市和中等城市应对人口老龄化、提升养老服务韧性提供参考。

Abstract: Population aging is reshaping the provision of urban public services and the modes of community governance. Local urban elderly care service systems are facing the dual requirements of service quality improvement and spatial adaptation. To explore optimization pathways for urban elderly care service systems under the policy orientation of an aging society, this study takes Dongying City, Shandong Province, as the research object. By adopting literature analysis, policy text analysis, and statistical data analysis, and by combining data from the Seventh National Population Census, Dongying statistical bulletins, and national and local elderly care policy documents, this paper analyzes the aging characteristics, elderly care service foundation, and practical problems in Dongying City. The study finds that Dongying has entered a relatively evident stage of population aging, and its elderly care service system has already formed a certain foundation. However, problems remain, including insufficient matching between supply and demand in home- and community-based elderly care, inadequate continuity in the integration of medical and elderly care services, and a lack of systematic age-friendly spatial renewal. Accordingly, Dongying should take the community life circle as the basic unit, improve the embedded elderly care service network, promote coordination among home-based, community-based, and institutional elderly care, and strengthen the integration of medical care, elderly care, and health services as well as age-friendly urban renewal. This study may provide references for resource-based cities and medium-sized cities in responding to population aging and improving the resilience of elderly care services.