智慧养老背景下贵阳市农村留守老人养老服务供给困境与创新路径研究

Research on the Supply Dilemma and Innovative Paths of Pension Services for Rural Left-behind Elderly in Guiyang Under the Background of Smart Elderly Care

摘要: 在新型城镇化深入推进与人口老龄化加速演进的双重背景下，农村留守老人养老服务供给已成为乡村振兴与积极应对人口老龄化进程中亟待破解的重要民生议题。作为全国首个国家大数据综合试验区的核心承载城市，贵阳市素有“中国数谷”之称，在发展智慧养老方面具备独特的技术与数据优势；然而，贵州作为劳务输出大省，农村青壮年劳动力大规模外流，留守老人规模庞大，其智慧养老服务的现实供给与潜在需求之间仍存在明显落差。本文以贵阳市为研究样本，依据《贵阳统计年鉴》及相关统计资料，系统梳理该市农村留守老人养老服务供给的现状与现有模式，剖析其在数字鸿沟、山区信息基础设施覆盖、平台运营与数据共享、民族地区服务适配、专业人才、资金可持续性等方面的核心困境，深入分析城乡二元结构延伸出的“数字二元”、山区地理约束、财政与产业支撑不足、数字素养断层等深层成因，进而结合贵阳大数据优势与城乡梯度特征，提出“分层供给、适老改造、数据贯通、线上线下融合、文化适配、多元保障”的智慧养老服务创新路径，以期为西部欠发达地区农村留守老人智慧养老服务供给提供实践参考，助力数字红利向农村养老领域下沉与城乡养老服务均等化。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of deepening new-type urbanization and the accelerating aging of the population, the supply of elderly care services for rural left-behind elderly has become a key livelihood issue in rural revitalization and in the active response to population aging. As the core carrier city of China’s first National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone, Guiyang—known as “China’s Data Valley”—possesses distinctive technological and data advantages for developing smart elderly care. However, as Guizhou is a major labor-exporting province with a large-scale outflow of young and middle-aged rural laborers, the population of left-behind elderly is substantial, and a clear gap persists between the actual supply and the potential demand for smart elderly care services. Taking Guiyang as the research case and drawing on the Guiyang Statistical Yearbook and related statistical data, this study systematically reviews the current situation and existing models of elderly care service supply for rural left-behind elderly, analyzes core challenges in terms of the digital divide, the uneven coverage of information infrastructure in mountainous areas, platform operation and data sharing, service adaptation in ethnic-minority areas, professional workforce, and financial sustainability, and further explores underlying causes such as the “digital dual structure” extending from the urban-rural dual structure, geographic constraints of mountainous terrain, insufficient fiscal and industrial support, and the gap in digital literacy. Based on Guiyang’s big-data advantages and its urban-rural gradient, it proposes innovative pathways characterized by “tiered supply, age-friendly adaptation, data integration, online-offline integration, cultural adaptation, and diversified safeguards,” aiming to provide practical references for the supply of smart elderly care services for rural left-behind elderly in less-developed western regions.