政策情境、服务供给与智慧养老发展路径分化

Policy Context, Service Supply, and Differentiation of Development Paths for Smart Elderly Care

摘要: 智慧养老产业面临“叫好不叫座”困境，技术产品未能有效转化为老年人可感知的养老福祉，不同服务供给模式对老年人生活质量的影响尚不清晰。本研究以政策工具理论为基础，采用双案例比较方法，选取北京杰佳通与浙江思锐股份进行对比分析，考察不同政策环境下智慧养老服务供给模式如何形成及其对老年人的影响。研究归纳出两种理想类型：“技术嵌入型”以软硬一体产品和直接面向老年人的服务为特征，让老年人自主获取生活辅助与安全监护；“平台生态型”以政务数据整合与政府购买服务为特征，让老年人享受高效的政策福利办理与可持续的服务保障。两种模式是对不同政策工具组合的适应性响应，在个体自主体验与制度公平保障两个维度上惠及老年人。研究为理解政策环境与服务供给模式的分化提供了经验参照，也为智慧养老政策优化提供了启示。

Abstract: The smart elderly care industry faces a “good in name but not in reality” dilemma: technological products have not been effectively translated into tangible welfare gains for older adults, and the impact of different service supply models on their quality of life remains unclear. Drawing on policy instrument theory and adopting a dual-case comparative approach, this study examines Beijing Jiejiatong and Zhejiang Sirui to explore how smart elderly care service supply models take shape under different policy environments and how they affect older adults. Two ideal types are identified: the “technology-embedded model,” characterized by integrated hardware-software products and direct-to-elderly services that enable older adults to access living assistance and safety monitoring independently; and the “platform-ecosystem model,” characterized by government data integration and government-purchased services that provide older adults with efficient welfare administration and sustainable service guarantees. The two models represent adaptive responses to different policy instrument mixes, benefiting older adults along the dual dimensions of individual autonomy and institutional equity. The findings offer empirical insights into how policy environments relate to differentiated service supply patterns, and provide implications for optimizing smart elderly care policies.