社区助老食堂的协同治理困境及其多元治理路径研究——以Y县社区助老食堂为例

Research on the Collaborative Governance Dilemma and Multiple Governance Paths of Community Elderly - Assisting Canteens: A Case Study of Community Elderly—Taking Community Elderly - Assisting Canteens in Y County as an Example

摘要: 社区助老食堂是社区居家养老服务体系的一部分，旨在为老年人提供普惠的助餐服务，然而其在基层运行中存在协同治理形式化的问题。本文以协同治理理论为基础，构建目标、权责、信息、激励四维分析框架，通过对Y县社区助老食堂的调查发现，目标协同上各主体价值取向明显分化，缺少有效的整合机制；权责协同上纵向层级倒挂、横向部门割裂并存；信息协同上跨部门壁垒、纵向过滤造成决策偏离实际需求；激励协同上激励机制不健全削弱了各主体参与动力，最终使协同治理陷入形式化困境。因此本文提出应该从构建议事协商机制、优化纵向赋权和横向整合、搭建数字化信息平台、设计多层次激励相容机制四个方面协同推进，实现社区助老食堂从形式化协同走向实质性共治。

Abstract: Community elderly - assisting canteens are an integral part of the community-based home care service system. Their primary objective is to offer inclusive meal assistance services to the elderly. However, in the actual operation at the grassroots level, there exists the problem of formalized collaborative governance. Based on the theory of collaborative governance, this paper constructs a four-dimensional collaborative analysis framework encompassing goals, rights and responsibilities, information, and incentives. Through an investigation of community elderly - assisting canteens in County Y, it is found that in terms of goal collaboration, the value orientations of various subjects are significantly differentiated, and there is a lack of an effective integration mechanism; in terms of rights and responsibilities collaboration, there coexist the inversion of vertical levels and the fragmentation of horizontal departments; in terms of information collaboration, cross-departmental barriers and vertical filtering lead to decision-making deviating from actual needs; in terms of incentive collaboration, the imperfect incentive mechanism weakens the motivation of various subjects to participate, ultimately pushing collaborative governance into a formalized predicament. Therefore, this paper proposes that collaborative promotion should be carried out from four aspects: constructing a consultation and negotiation mechanism, optimizing vertical empowerment and horizontal integration, building a digital information platform, and designing a multi-level incentive-compatible mechanism, so as to enable community elderly - assisting canteens to move from formalized collaboration to substantial co-governance.