积极老龄化视域下山地城市旅居养老服务的困境与优化路径——以贵阳市为例

Dilemmas and Improvement Paths for Residential Tourism-Based Elderly Care Services in Mountainous Cities in the Context of Active Aging—A Case Study of Guiyang City

摘要: 在积极老龄化驱动下，旅居养老已成为品质养老的重要形式。但山地城市受空间阻隔与制度分割双重制约，供需错配突出。贵阳作为“中国避暑之都”，夏季避暑旅居需求集中，然而喀斯特地貌导致设施可达性差、候鸟式居住引发季节性服务压力，属地化养老体系亦难以适配，三者构成深层张力。本文立足贵阳山地城市特质，梳理旅居养老服务现状，剖析核心困境：地形约束下设施使用受限、旺季供给不足、跨区域制度衔接不畅、智慧技术山地环境适应性低。深层成因在于“重旅轻养”的认知偏差、属地管理惯性与精细化服务思维缺失。基于积极老龄化理念，本文提出“空间适老、弹性供给、制度协同、技术适配”的优化路径，以期为西部山地城市完善旅居养老服务提供实践参照，助力银发群体实现异地品质养老。

Abstract: Driven by active aging, residential tourism-based elderly care has become an important form of quality aging. However, mountainous cities, constrained by the dual barriers of space and institutional segmentation, face a prominent supply-demand mismatch. As the “Summer Capital of China”, Guiyang sees highly concentrated summer sojourn demand for heat relief. Yet three issues—poor facility accessibility due to karst landforms, seasonal service pressure from migratory stays, and the difficulty of adapting a localized elderly care system—create deep tensions. Grounded in Guiyang’s mountainous city characteristics, this paper examines the current state of its residential tourism-based elderly care services and analyzes the core dilemmas: restricted facility use due to terrain constraints, insufficient supply during peak seasons, weak cross-regional institutional connectivity, and low adaptability of smart technologies to mountainous environments. The underlying causes lie in the cognitive bias of “emphasizing tourism over care”, the inertia of territorial management, and a lack of refined service thinking. Anchored in active aging, this paper proposes an improvement path of “age-friendly spaces, flexible supply, institutional coordination, and technology adaptation”, aiming to provide practical references for improving such services in western mountainous cities and to help the silver-haired population achieve quality aging in different places.