脱嵌乡土：农村养老服务数字化的技术困境与再嵌机制分析

Rural Elderly Care Service Digital Transformation: Technological Dilemma and Re-Embedding Mechanism Analysis of Disembedding from Rural Society

摘要: 农村养老服务数字化转型是衔接积极应对人口老龄化国家战略与乡村振兴战略的关键路径，然而数字技术在实践层面却面临脱嵌于乡土社会的结构性困境。本文从技术的社会建构视角出发，以“脱嵌”为分析主线，考察了农村养老服务数字技术排斥的表现形态与生成机制。研究发现，该困境并非源于农村老年人个体能力的不足，而是根植于技术的社会建构过程对农村社会情境的系统性排除，具体表现为技术在物质基础设施、社会关系网络与认知世界三个层面分别与农村社会发生断裂。三重脱嵌相互叠加和强化使服务农村老年人的数字技术在实践中反而构成新的排斥。在此基础上，本文探讨了技术再嵌于乡土社会的可能路径，提出应技术生产环节的多元参与、从通用设计转向情境适应和完善社会关系网络的技术支撑，以实现数字技术与农村养老服务场景的深度契合。

Abstract: The digital transformation of rural elderly care services is a critical pathway linking the active response to population aging with the rural revitalization strategy. However, digital technologies in practice face structural dilemmas of being disembedded from rural society. From the perspective of the social construction of technology, this paper takes “disembedding” as the analytical framework to examine the manifestations and generative mechanisms of digital technology exclusion in rural elderly care. The study finds that the dilemma does not originate from individual capability inadequacy among rural older adults, but is rooted in the systematic exclusion of rural social contexts by the social construction process of technology, manifesting as ruptures between technology and rural society at three levels: material infrastructure, social networks, and the cognitive world. The triple disembedding overlaps and reinforces each other, causing digital technologies intended to serve rural older adults to constitute new forms of exclusion in practice. On this basis, the paper explores possible pathways for technology re-embedding into rural society and proposes diversified participation in technology production, a shift from universal design to contextual adaptation, and improved technical support for social relationship networks to achieve deeper alignment between digital technologies and the scenarios of rural elderly care services.