江汉平原高砷地下水研究进展
Research Progress on High-Arsenic Groundwater in the Jianghan Plain
摘要: 江汉平原是我国湿润河湖平原原生高砷地下水研究的重要区域，其砷富集过程受沉积环境、含水层结构和地表水–地下水交换共同控制。本文梳理区域调查、长期监测、沉积物培养、同位素示踪及数值模拟等研究，评述砷的时空分布、载砷矿物转化、有机质作用和碳氮硫耦合过程。现有证据表明，含砷铁氧化物的还原溶解是主要释砷途径，有机质的来源与反应活性决定电子供给，微生物介导的铁硫转化同时控制砷的释放与再固定。水文扰动改变氧化剂和有机碳输入，使不同井深、场地和季节呈现差异化响应；甲基化、孔隙水非均一性及微塑料相关作用拓展了传统无机砷研究框架。目前，局部观测向区域规律外推、不同过程的通量分配及治理长期稳定性仍存在不足。未来应加强分层连续监测、多形态砷测定及实验与模型联合约束，推动由浓度分布描述向过程定量和动态风险管理转变。在综合不同研究结论的基础上，本文进一步从水文扰动驱动的Fe-S-C-N耦合角度提出统一的概念模型，并讨论由井点证据向区域风险推断进行尺度升级的可行路径。
Abstract: The Jianghan Plain is an important setting for studying geogenic arsenic enrichment in humid alluvial-lacustrine aquifers in China. This review synthesizes regional surveys, long-term monitoring, sediment incubation experiments, isotope tracing, and numerical modeling to evaluate arsenic distribution and the processes governing its mobilization. Reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron oxides is a major release pathway, while organic matter sources and reactivity regulate electron supply. Microbially mediated iron and sulfur transformations can promote either arsenic release or sequestration. Hydrological disturbances alter the delivery of oxidants and organic carbon, producing contrasting responses across depths, sites, and seasons. Recent investigations of methylated arsenic, porewater heterogeneity, and potential microplastic-related effects extend the conventional inorganic arsenic framework. Key uncertainties concern regional extrapolation, quantitative allocation of process-specific fluxes, and the long-term stability of mitigation measures. Future work should integrate depth-resolved monitoring, arsenic speciation, and experimentally constrained transport models to support dynamic risk assessment and sustainable groundwater management. Synthesizing findings from various studies, this paper further develops a unified conceptual model from the perspective of Fe-S-C-N coupling driven by hydrological perturbations, and methodological pathways are discussed for upscaling from well-scale evidence to regional risk inference.
文章引用：沈力. 江汉平原高砷地下水研究进展[J]. 地理科学研究, 2026, 15(5): 965-975. https://doi.org/10.12677/gser.2026.155087

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