数字经济何以影响农村收入分配？——基于马克思社会再生产理论的分析

How Does the Digital Economy Affect Rural Income Distribution? —An Analysis Based on Marx’s Theory of Social Reproduction

摘要: 新时代数字经济正以新的驱动力不断增强其与农村生产生活各领域融合的深度与广度，为优化农村收入分配、推动农村现代化提供重要契机。本文按照马克思社会再生产理论中的“生产、分配、交换、消费”四个环节的内在逻辑关系分析数字经济影响农村收入分配的作用机理；并针对四个环节中存在的数字基础设施薄弱、人才供需错配、数据共享壁垒等主要现实问题提出完善农村数字基础设施、促进农村产业数字化转型、培育农村数字人才、完善农村数据开放共享机制、优化农村数字治理等建议，以此探寻一条利用数字经济完善农村治理模式和促进农民增收与分配公平的现实路径。

Abstract: In the new era, the digital economy is increasingly integrated with various aspects of rural production and life, providing an important opportunity for optimizing rural income distribution and promoting farmers’ income growth and distributional fairness. Based on the internal logical relationship of the four links of “production, distribution, exchange, and consumption” in Marx’s theory of social reproduction, this paper analyzes the mechanism by which the digital economy affects rural income distribution. It also addresses major practical problems in these four links, such as weak digital infrastructure, mismatch between talent supply and demand, barriers to data sharing, limited consumption potential, and inadequate market governance, and proposes suggestions including improving rural digital infrastructure, promoting the digital transformation of rural industries, cultivating rural digital talents, perfecting the mechanism for rural data openness and sharing, and optimizing rural digital governance. The aim is to explore a realistic path to utilize the digital economy to promote farmers’ income growth and distributional fairness.