“双减”政策背景下基础教育课程改革的挑战与对策

Challenges and Countermeasures of Basic Education Curriculum Reform under the Background of the “Double Reduction” Policy

摘要: “双减”政策在2021年9月正式开始实行。这项政策的推行给基础教育改革提出了新的要求。它的核心是：通过全面减轻学生作业负担、规范管理校外培训，让学校教育重新回到教书育人的本质上。但是，在政策执行过程中，课程改革遇到了很多问题和困难，需要找到有效的解决办法。本研究从系统角度，深入分析了“双减”政策下基础教育课程改革的主要困难及其产生原因。研究指出，当前课程改革的主要困难有四点：第一，课程目标定位和评价体系之间有不协调；第二，教师开展跨学科教学的能力不够；第三，课后服务的课程体系不够专业；第四，城乡教育资源分配不均。从根本上说，这些问题产生的原因有三个：第一，政策执行过程中各方配合不够好；第二，支持教师专业发展的体系不完善；第三，应试教育的传统观念影响很深。为了解决这些困难，本研究提出了建议：优化课程体系结构；建立支持教师专业发展的体系；完善多元评价机制。目的是让“双减”政策和基础教育改革共同推进，从而推动基础教育向更高质量发展。

Abstract: The Double Reduction Policy was formally implemented in September 2021. The rollout of this policy has put forward new requirements for the reform of basic education. Its core lies in returning school education to its fundamental mission of cultivating students by fully reducing students’ homework burden and standardizing the administration of off-campus training. Nevertheless, the implementation of the policy has brought numerous obstacles to curriculum reform, which call for effective solutions. From a systematic perspective, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the major challenges confronting basic education curriculum reform under the background of the Double Reduction Policy and their underlying causes. The research identifies four prominent difficulties in current curriculum reform: first, misalignment between curriculum goal orientation and the evaluation system; second, teachers’ insufficient capacity to carry out interdisciplinary teaching; third, the lack of a professional curriculum system for after-school services; fourth, the unbalanced distribution of educational resources between urban and rural areas. Fundamentally, three factors account for the above problems: inadequate coordination among all stakeholders during policy implementation, an imperfect system supporting teachers’ professional development, and the profound lingering influence of exam-oriented educational concepts. To address these challenges, this study puts forward targeted suggestions: optimizing the structure of the curriculum system, establishing a sound support system for teachers’ professional development, and improving a diversified evaluation mechanism. It aims to advance the coordinated progress of the Double Reduction Policy and basic education reform, thereby boosting the high-quality development of basic education.