乡村振兴背景下四川乡村学校撤并的政策逻辑、实施困境与优化策略

Policy Logic, Implementation Dilemmas, and Optimization Strategies for the Consolidation of Rural Schools in Sichuan under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

摘要: 四川省自2019年启动乡镇行政区划和村级建制调整改革以来，乡村学校布局调整进入新一轮加速期。这一轮撤并政策既有国家层面推进义务教育优质均衡的战略考量，也有四川自身“两项改革”的适配逻辑。然而，在政策落地过程中，四川作为西部山区大省，面临着地理空间适配难、弱势群体保障不足、教育资源整合不畅、多元主体诉求失衡等现实困境。基于政策文本分析和四川多县域的实践考察，本文从分类施策的布局标准、全链条就学保障、深度融合的资源配置、多元协同的治理机制四个维度提出优化策略，以期为乡村振兴背景下民族地区和山区省份的乡村教育布局调整提供决策参考。

Abstract: Since the launch of the reform of township administrative division adjustments and village-level organizational restructuring in Sichuan Province in 2019, the spatial realignment of rural schools has entered a new phase of acceleration. This round of school consolidation policies is driven not only by the national strategic objective of advancing high-quality and equitable compulsory education, but also by the adaptive logic of Sichuan’s own “dual reform” initiative. However, during the implementation process, Sichuan, as a major mountainous province in western China, faces practical dilemmas including difficulties in geographic-spatial adaptation, inadequate protection of vulnerable groups, inefficient integration of educational resources, and imbalanced demands among multiple stakeholders. Based on policy text analysis and field investigations across multiple counties in Sichuan, this paper proposes optimization strategies from four dimensions: differentiated school layout standards, a full-chain guarantee for students’ access to schooling, deeply integrated resource allocation, and a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance mechanism, with the aim of providing decision-making references for the spatial adjustment of rural education in ethnic minority regions and mountainous provinces under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.