小学生海洋素养教育存在的问题与对策研究

Research on the Problems and Strategies of Ocean Literacy Education for Primary School Students

摘要: 小学生作为海洋素养的重要启蒙群体，其教育实践成为服务建设海洋强国的重要抓手。研究首先进行海洋素养概述，聚焦小学生分析海洋素养教育具有支撑建设海洋强国实施、凝聚海洋保护社会共识、促进小学生综合素质提升的实践价值，进而指出当前小学生海洋素养教育存在教育定位存在认知偏差、教育目标定位模糊不清、教育内容缺乏体系建构、教育资源供给结构失衡、教育方法运用单一固化、教育评价体系尚不健全等问题，并在此基础上提出小学生海洋素养教育的优化对策，包括：以价值导向为引领，凝聚海洋素养教育实践共识；分层设计课程目标，促进海洋素养教育精准实施；构建跨学科融合课程，拓展海洋素养教育的边界；完善资源共享共建，优化海洋素养教育资源配置；创新教育方法模式，推动海洋素养教育融合转型；健全教育评价体系，提升海洋素养教育评估绩效。

Abstract: Primary school students constitute a key group in the cultivation of ocean literacy, and relevant educational practice serves as an important lever for building a maritime power. This study first provides an overview of ocean literacy and then, focusing on primary school students, analyzes the practical value of ocean literacy education: building a maritime power, forging social consensus on marine conservation, and promoting the holistic development of primary school students. Furthermore, it identifies prominent problems in current ocean literacy education for primary school students, including cognitive biases in educational positioning, ambiguous educational objectives, the absence of a systematic content framework, structural imbalance in the supply of educational resources, the monotonous and rigid application of teaching methods, and an underdeveloped educational evaluation system. On this basis, this study proposes countermeasures for optimizing ocean literacy education for primary school students: guided by value orientation to build consensus on the practice of ocean literacy education; designing curriculum objectives at different levels to promote its precise implementation; constructing interdisciplinary integrated curricula to expand its boundaries; improving the co-construction and sharing of resources to optimize resource allocation; innovating educational methods and models to drive its integrated transformation; and strengthening the educational evaluation system to enhance the effectiveness of evaluation.