小麦和小黑麦种间竞争的探究实践

An Exploratory Practical Study on Interspecific Competition between Wheat and Triticale

摘要: 新课标将跨学科实践纳入课程内容体系，对发展学生科学思维与探究能力提出了明确要求。本探究以小麦、小黑麦为材料，采用无土栽培方式，设置单种、混种对照实验，严格控制单一变量，通过测定株高、根长和植株鲜重这三项指标，探究两种禾本科植物的种间竞争关系。实验结果显示，混种条件下两种作物生长均受到抑制，且小黑麦竞争优势更强。该实验具有材料获取便利、操作流程简洁、实验现象直观等特征，有利于帮助学生深入理解对照实验的设计原理，锻炼数据处理与分析能力，综合提升学生生物学科核心素养。

Abstract: The new curriculum standards integrate interdisciplinary practice into the curriculum framework and set clear requirements for developing students’ scientific thinking and inquiry skills. This study uses wheat and triticale as experimental materials, employs soilless cultivation techniques, and conducts single-crop and mixed-crop control experiments with strict control over individual variables. By measuring three key parameters—plant height, root length, and fresh plant weight—the study investigates the interspecific competitive relationship between these two grass-family crops. The experimental results indicate that the growth of both crops is suppressed under mixed-crop conditions, with triticale demonstrating a stronger competitive advantage. This experiment is characterized by the ease of material acquisition, a straightforward experimental procedure, and intuitive observation of experimental phenomena, making it an effective tool for helping students gain a deeper understanding of the design principles underlying control experiments, honing their data processing and analysis skills, and comprehensively enhancing their core competencies in the biological sciences.