“双碳”目标下绿色金融赋能包容性增长研究文献综述

Study on Green Finance Empowering Inclusive Growth under the “Dual Carbon” Goal: A Literature Review

摘要: “双碳”目标的提出，使我国绿色低碳转型的方向更加清晰，也对经济增长提出了更高要求：既要讲效率、讲公平，也要守住生态底线、控制碳排放，包容性绿色增长的内涵随之得到充实。传统增长模式下积累的金融资源错配、绿色转型成本偏高、区域低碳发展失衡等问题，逐渐成为“双碳”目标与包容性增长协同推进的瓶颈。绿色金融与数字普惠金融深度融合，能够通过资金引导、要素优化、产业低碳升级、普惠红利释放等途径，缓解低碳转型与包容发展之间的矛盾，推动“双碳减排、经济增长、社会包容”三重目标相互耦合。本文以国内相关研究为基础，立足“双碳”目标背景，梳理包容性增长与包容性绿色增长的概念演进，重点分析双碳约束下绿色金融、数字普惠金融赋能包容性增长的理论机制、实证效应与异质性特征，归纳现有研究的分歧与不足，并结合双碳长效发展机制展望未来研究方向，以期为金融助力高质量包容性绿色发展提供理论参考与实践依据。

Abstract: The proposal of the “Dual Carbon” goals has clarified the direction of China’s green and low-carbon transition and raised higher requirements for economic growth: it is necessary to pursue efficiency and fairness while safeguarding the ecological bottom line and controlling carbon emissions. In this context, the connotation of inclusive green growth has been further enriched. Problems accumulated under the traditional growth model, such as misallocation of financial resources, high costs of green transition, and imbalanced regional low-carbon development, have gradually become bottlenecks for the coordinated advancement of the “Dual Carbon” goals and inclusive growth. The deep integration of green finance and digital inclusive finance can ease the conflicts between low-carbon transition and inclusive development through capital guidance, factor optimization, low-carbon industrial upgrading and the release of inclusive dividends, thereby promoting the coupling of the three goals: “dual carbon emission reduction, economic growth and social inclusion”. Based on relevant domestic research and against the backdrop of the “Dual Carbon” goals, this paper sorts out the conceptual evolution of inclusive growth and inclusive green growth. It focuses on analyzing the theoretical mechanisms, empirical effects and heterogeneous characteristics of green finance and digital inclusive finance empowering inclusive growth under dual carbon constraints, summarizes divergences and deficiencies in existing studies, and prospects future research directions combined with the long-term development mechanism of dual carbon. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and practical evidence for finance to support high-quality inclusive green development.