数字时代老年代际数字鸿沟、代际反哺与家庭养老韧性构建

Intergenerational Digital Divide of the Elderly, Digital Reciprocity and the Construction of Family Pension Resilience in the Digital Era

摘要: 在人口老龄化与社会数字化双重交织的时代背景下，老年群体普遍面临接入沟、使用沟、素养沟三重代际数字鸿沟，深刻冲击传统家庭养老模式。代际数字反哺作为家庭内部的柔性调适机制，成为弥合数字鸿沟、激活家庭养老潜能的核心路径。本文以数字鸿沟理论、代际反哺理论与家庭韧性理论为分析框架，结合报告中老年网民统计数据、国内居家养老抽样调研二手资料开展实证佐证，立足当前我国家庭养老现实，剖析老年代际数字鸿沟的类型、成因及负面影响，阐释代际数字反哺的运行逻辑、实践形态与现实困境，辩证讨论数字反哺附带的青年情感劳动过载、家庭数字监控、代际权力摩擦等负面衍生问题，并从家庭、社区、社会三个维度，探索依托代际数字反哺提升家庭养老风险抵御能力的多元实施策略。研究旨在为数字化背景下完善居家养老服务、推进积极应对人口老龄化国家战略提供理论参考与实践思路，弥补现有研究对数字反哺负面效应、养老韧性内部维度冲突探讨不足的研究短板。

Abstract: Against the dual background of population aging and social digitalization, the elderly are generally confronted with three types of intergenerational digital divides, which severely impact the traditional family pension model. As a flexible adjustment mechanism within families, intergenerational digital reciprocity has become a core way to bridge the digital divide and activate the potential of family pension. Based on the theories of digital divide, intergenerational reciprocity and family resilience, this paper adopts secondary empirical data to support arguments, analyzes the types, causes and negative impacts of the elderly intergenerational digital divide, and explains the operational logic, practical forms and practical dilemmas of digital reciprocity, as well as its side effects such as increased emotional labor of young generations, digital surveillance and intergenerational power contradictions. It further explores diversified implementation strategies to strengthen family pension risk resistance empowered by digital reciprocity from family, community and social dimensions. The research provides theoretical references and practical ideas for improving home-based elderly care and promoting the National Strategy for Actively Responding to Population Aging in the digital society, and enriches aca-demic discussions on the internal tensions of pension resilience.