老龄化视域下多元文化社区互助养老建设路径研究

Research on the Construction Path of Mutual-Aid Elderly Care in Multicultural Communities from the Perspective of Aging

摘要: 在我国人口老龄化持续加深与社区文化多元化程度不断提高的双重趋势下，部分城市社区已形成本土老年居民与外籍老年居民混居的多元文化格局，这对既有以同质性为默认前提的互助养老模式构成了新挑战。本文以积极老龄化理论为主线，结合社会资本理论与跨文化适应理论，系统分析了多元文化社区互助养老的建设困境：其核心障碍并非资源匮乏或制度缺位，而是跨文化交往成本过高，语言不通带来信息成本、文化陌生带来心理成本、规则不明带来试错成本，这三者共同抬高了老年人参与互助的门槛，而现有制度设计未能为消解这些成本提供有效支持。据此，从语言沟通辅助、宣传引导与心理建设、包容性活动体系设计、社区组织跨文化服务能力提升、长效保障与激励机制完善五个层面提出系统性优化路径，以期为多元文化背景下的社区互助养老治理提供参考。

Abstract: With the dual trend of deepening population aging and increasing diversity of community culture in China, some urban communities have formed a multicultural pattern of local elderly residents and foreign elderly residents living together, which poses new challenges to the existing mutual aid elderly care model based on homogeneity as the default premise. This article takes the theory of active aging as the main line, and combines social capital theory and cross-cultural adaptation theory to systematically analyze the construction dilemma of mutual aid for elderly care in multicultural communities: the core obstacle is not the lack of resources or institutional deficiencies, but the high cost of cross-cultural communication, the information cost caused by language barriers, the psychological cost caused by cultural unfamiliarity, and the trial and error cost caused by unclear rules. These three factors together raise the threshold for elderly people to participate in mutual aid, but the existing institutional design has failed to provide effective support for resolving these costs. Based on this, a systematic optimization path is proposed from five aspects: language communication assistance, publicity guidance and psychological construction, inclusive activity system design, improvement of cross-cultural service capabilities of community organizations, and improvement of long-term guarantee and incentive mechanisms, in order to provide reference for community mutual assistance and elderly care governance in a multicultural context.