人口老龄化背景下我国养老保障体系的优化路径研究

Research on the Optimization Path of China’s Elderly Security System under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 当前我国已全面进入深度老龄化社会，人口老龄化呈现规模大、增速快、未富先老、区域失衡的典型特征。人口结构变迁、人均寿命提升与低生育率叠加，使传统养老保障体系结构性矛盾持续凸显，养老保险基金收支承压、养老服务供需错配、多层次保障发展滞后、城乡养老资源不均等问题愈发突出。本文立足我国老龄化发展现状，系统梳理养老保障体系建设成效，深入剖析制度运行短板，从基本养老保险提质增效、多层次养老体系协同发展、养老服务供给优化、城乡养老均衡建设、医养深度融合、智慧适老化治理升级六个维度，提出可落地的优化路径。研究旨在完善现代化养老保障体系，提升制度公平性与可持续性，为积极应对人口老龄化提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: China has entered an era of deep population aging with the characteristics of a huge elderly population, rapid aging speed, aging before economic maturity, and unbalanced regional development. Changes in population structure, increased life expectancy and long-term low fertility have intensified structural conflicts in the elderly security system. Major challenges include pension fund pressure, mismatched elderly care supply and demand, underdeveloped multi-level security, and unbalanced urban and rural pension resources. Based on the current situation of population aging, this paper summarizes the achievements and deficiencies of China’s elderly security system. It puts forward targeted optimization strategies in six aspects: basic pension insurance improvement, multi-level pension system coordination, elderly care service upgrading, urban-rural pension balance, medical-elderly care integration, and age-friendly intelligent governance. The study aims to construct a fairer and more sustainable modern elderly security system and provide references for coping with population aging.