农业生产性服务发展水平对农户收入的作用效应研究

Study on the Effect of the Development Level of Agricultural Productive Services on Farmers’ Income

摘要: 促进农民持续增收是推进共同富裕的必然要求。文章基于2012~2020年长三角41个地级市面板数据，采用熵值法从生产资料服务、机械服务、信息服务、基建服务四维度测算农业生产性服务综合指数，构建双向固定效应模型，实证检验农业生产性服务对农户收入的影响及其作用机制。研究表明：受交易成本偏高、供需错配、市场对接不畅等因素制约，农业生产性服务显著抑制农户增收，回归系数为−2.244；分维度检验显示，四类服务均不同程度抑制农户收入增长，其中生产资料服务抑制效应最强。异质性结果表明，农业生产性服务的收入效应存在区域差异：对沪浙农户收入呈抑制作用，对苏皖农户收入具有促进作用。据此，应强化农业生产性服务供给、完善服务体系，配套协同的土地流转政策，并依据区域特征实施差异化服务供给。

Abstract: Sustainable increases in farmers’ income are essential for promoting common prosperity. Based on the panel data of 41 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2020, this paper adopts the entropy method to construct a comprehensive index of agricultural productive services from four dimensions: production material service, machinery service, information service, and infrastructure service. A two-way fixed-effects model is established to empirically test the impact and mechanism of agricultural productive services on farmers’ income. The results show that, restricted by high transaction costs, mismatched supply and demand, and poor market connection, agricultural productive services significantly inhibit the growth of farmers’ income, with a regression coefficient of −2.244. The sub-dimensional regression results indicate that all four types of services negatively affect farmers’ income, among which production material services present the strongest inhibitory effect. Heterogeneity analysis suggests obvious regional differences in the income effects of agricultural productive services. Specifically, agricultural productive services restrain farmers’ income in Shanghai and Zhejiang, while they promote income growth in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the supply of agricultural productive services, improve the service system, formulate coordinated land transfer policies, and implement differentiated service strategies according to regional characteristics.