水环境监测设备在水文测验中的应用

Application of Water Environment Monitoring Equipment in Hydrometric Survey

摘要: 针对新疆地区水文监测自动化程度偏低、人工泥沙测验强度大、水温监测数据易缺测失真等行业痛点，为探索水环境自动监测设备赋能传统水文监测的可行性与应用边界，提升区域水文监测数据质量与智能化水平，本文以恰其嘎水文站上阿图什干渠监测断面为研究区域，依托布设的杆式五参数水环境自动监测设备，开展水温、浊度与常规水文监测指标的同步比测试验，采用数据统计分析、相关性建模、规范精度检验等方法，开展水温数据校核插补、浊度–含沙量转换模型研究。试验结果表明：水环境自动监测设备水温数据与常规气象六参数仪水温数据相关性极强，相关系数R² = 0.9944，可实现水温数据有效插补与校核；在含沙量 < 3 kg/m³情况下，浊度与单样含沙量拟合关系满足行业规范，建立的二次回归模型精度达标，可替代人工完成低含沙量时段泥沙自动监测。同时设备受量程限制，无法适配高含沙量极端情况，研究区域高含沙量时长占比不足全年10%，设备可有效辅助人工监测、优化测验时机。研究证实该型五参数监测设备可有效补充传统水文监测短板，减轻人工测验压力，可为新疆水文“量质同步监测”自动化升级提供技术参考。

Abstract: Aiming at the industrial pain points in Xinjiang such as the low automation level of hydrological monitoring, high labor intensity of manual sediment measurement, and frequent missing and distorted water temperature monitoring data, this paper explores the feasibility and application boundary of applying automatic water environment monitoring equipment to empower traditional hydrological monitoring, so as to improve the quality and intelligent level of regional hydrological monitoring data. Taking the monitoring section of the Upper Artux Main Canal at the Qiaqiga Hydrological Station as the research area, synchronous comparison tests of water temperature, turbidity and conventional hydrological monitoring indicators were carried out based on the installed rod-type five-parameter automatic water environment monitoring equipment. Methods including data statistical analysis, correlation modeling and standard accuracy verification were adopted to conduct water temperature data calibration and interpolation, as well as research on the turbidity-sediment concentration conversion model. The test results show that the water temperature data of the automatic water environment monitoring equipment have an extremely strong correlation with that of the conventional six-parameter meteorological instruments, with a coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9944), which enables effective interpolation and calibration of water temperature data. Under the working condition where the sediment concentration is less than < 3 kg/m³, the fitting relationship between turbidity and single-sample sediment concentration complies with industrial specifications, and the established quadratic regression model meets the accuracy requirements, which can replace manual work to realize automatic sediment monitoring in low sediment concentration periods. Meanwhile, restricted by its measuring range, the equipment cannot adapt to extreme working conditions with high sediment concentration. The duration of high sediment concentration in the study area accounts for less than 10% of the whole year, and the equipment can effectively assist manual monitoring and optimize the measurement timing. This study verifies that the five-parameter monitoring equipment can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional hydrological monitoring, and reduce the workload of manual measurement, and provide technical reference for the automatic upgrading of synchronous quantity and quality monitoring of hydrology in Xinjiang.