水利检测单位安全生产风险管控“六项体系”建设研究

Research on the Construction of the “Six Systems” for Safety Production Risk Management and Control in Water Resources Inspection Institutions

摘要: 水利检测是水利工程质量管控与运行安全保障的核心环节，当前水利基础设施建设向规模化、智慧化进一步升级，水利检测业务覆盖材料试验、岩土检测、水质分析、工程监测等多领域，呈现固定实验室与野外复杂场景并存、精密仪器与特种设备共用、常规风险与特殊危害交织的行业特性，安全管控难度持续提升。为贯彻《中华人民共和国安全生产法》《水利安全生产监督管理办法(试行)》及水利部构建水利安全生产风险管控“六项机制”的部署要求，破解水利检测单位风险识别碎片化、预警机制滞后、责任落实缺位、应急能力不足等突出问题，本文结合水利行业的检测业务特性，系统梳理野外作业、设备操作、化学实验、数据管理及人为因素等五大类安全风险，构建包含危险源辨识与评估、监测与预警、防范与控制、应急与处置、安全责任与激励考核、安全培训与文化的“六项体系”完整管控框架，研究形成适配水利检测单位的流程化、标准化、智能化风险管控模式，可为水利检测行业安全生产治理能力提升提供理论支撑与实践参考，推动水利检测安全管理从被动应对向主动预防、从零散管控向系统治理转型。

Abstract: Water conservancy testing is a core link in the quality control and operational safety assurance of water conservancy projects. As water infrastructure construction is further upgraded toward large-scale and intelligent development, water conservancy testing services now cover multiple fields, including material testing, geotechnical testing, water quality analysis and engineering monitoring. The industry is characterized by the coexistence of fixed laboratories and complex field scenarios, the shared use of precision instruments and special equipment, and the interweaving of conventional risks and specific hazards, making safety management increasingly difficult. To implement the Production Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Water Conservancy Production Safety (Trial), and the deployment requirements of the Ministry of Water Resources for establishing the “Six Mechanisms” for water conservancy production safety risk control, and to resolve prominent problems such as fragmented risk identification, lagging early warning mechanisms, absence of responsibility fulfillment and insufficient emergency response capacity in water conservancy testing organizations, this paper—based on the testing business characteristics of the water conservancy industry—systematically sorts out five major categories of safety risks: field operations, equipment operation, chemical experiments, data management and human factors. It then constructs a complete management and control framework, namely the “Six Systems” comprising hazard identification and assessment, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, emergency response and disposal, safety responsibility and incentive assessment, and safety training and culture. The study develops a process-oriented, standardized and intelligent risk management and control model tailored to water conservancy testing organizations, which can provide theoretical support and practical reference for improving the safety production governance capacity of the water conservancy testing industry and promote the transformation of water conservancy testing safety management from passive response to proactive prevention and from fragmented control to systematic governance.