马克思机器大生产理论视角下的人工智能奇点论分析

The AI Singularity Reconsidered: A Marxian Critique from the Standpoint of Machinofacture

摘要: 在人工智能领域呈现井喷式发展的当下，关于智能奇点预示的智能激增以及其超越人类认知能力的演进方向，已在学术界掀起了一场观点交锋。本文旨在探讨人工智能与人类智能之间的辩证关系，基于马克思的历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的理论框架，审视人工智能机器的本质特性，尝试从智能技术的应用工具性、剩余价值占有过程中的物质表现形式、以及资本追求周期性收益的功利性工具三个方面，对人工智能奇点理论进行理论祛魅；并从人工智能的可解释性难题、因果关系的误解以及自我意识的缺失这三个方法论层面，对人工智能奇点理论进行概念澄清。

Abstract: Amid the explosive growth of artificial intelligence, the intelligence explosion heralded by the technological Singularity—and the trajectory of its evolution beyond human cognitive capacities—has sparked a contentious debate in academia. This paper aims to explore the dialectical relationship between artificial intelligence and human intelligence. Grounded in Marx’s theoretical framework of historical and dialectical materialism, it examines the essential nature of AI machines, and undertakes a theoretical disenchantment of the Singularity theory along three dimensions: the instrumental character of intelligent technology as an applied tool, its material manifestations within the process of surplus-value appropriation, and its role as a utilitarian instrument through which capital pursues cyclical returns. Furthermore, it offers a conceptual clarification of the Singularity theory on three methodological levels: the problem of AI explainability, the misconception of causality, and the absence of self-consciousness.