法与治理的辩证逻辑——马克思恩格斯国家治理观中法治思想探析

The Dialectical Logic of Law and Governance—An Analysis of the Concept of the Rule of Law in Marx and Engels’ Views on State Governance

摘要: 立足唯物史观，以国家治理观作为分析视角，对马克思恩格斯法治思想的核心内涵进行系统梳理，深入剖析其本质特征。马克思恩格斯国家治理观中法治思想包含三重核心内涵：一是依托唯物史观揭示法的阶级性和物质制约性，明确法植根于社会物质生活关系的本质；二是以权力约束和权利保障为功能指向，坚持法律至上原则，实现规范公权力和保障权益的有机统一；三是把法治作为国家治理的基础支撑，构建法治和治理双向互动、动态平衡的关系范式。在此基础上，这一思想呈现出三大本质特征：阶级性与公共性的辩证融合、批判性与建构性的双重维度、历史性与实践性的高度统一。厘清这一思想的理论内核，有助于我们进一步审视该思想在当代中国的实践应用，为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供重要的思想资源与理论参考。

Abstract: Based on the materialist conception of history and adopting the perspective of state governance, this paper systematically examines the core essence of Marx and Engels’s ideas on the rule of law and provides an in-depth analysis of their essential characteristics. The concept of the rule of law within Marx and Engels’ perspective on state governance encompasses three core elements: First, drawing on the materialist conception of history, it reveals the class nature and material constraints of law, clarifying that law is fundamentally rooted in the material relations of social life; second, with the functional orientation of constraining power and safeguarding rights, it upholds the principle of the supremacy of law, achieving an organic unity between regulating public power and protecting rights and interests; third, it treats the rule of law as the foundational pillar of state governance, establishing a relational paradigm in which the rule of law and governance interact bidirectionally and maintain a dynamic balance. On this basis, this philosophy exhibits three essential characteristics: the dialectical integration of class character and public interest; the dual dimensions of critical analysis and constructive development; and the high degree of unity between historicity and practicality. Clarifying the theoretical core of this philosophy helps us further examine its practical application in contemporary China, providing important intellectual resources and theoretical references for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the new era.